ABDOMINAL VISCERA, 



Fig. 218* 



497 



*-mploy the term inguinal region, in reference to the vicinity of Pouparf o 

 ligament. 



Position of the Viscera. In the upper zone will be seen the liver, ex- 

 tending across from the right to the left side ; the stomach and spleen on 

 the left, and the pancreas and duodenum behind. In the middle zone is 

 the transverse portion of the colon, with the upper part of the ascending 

 and descending colon, omentum, small intestines, mesentery, and, behind, 

 the kidneys and supra-renal capsules In the inferior zone is the lower 

 part of the omentum and small intestines, the caecum, ascending and de- 

 scending colon with the sigmoid flexure, and ureters. 



The smooth and polished surface, which the viscera and panetes of the 

 abdomen present, is due to the peritoneum, which should in the next 

 place be studied 



PERITONEUM. 



The Peritoneum (ifsprehen, to extend around) is a serous membrane, 

 and therefore a shut sac : a single exception exists in the human subject 

 to this character, viz. in the female, where the peritoneum is perforated by 

 the open extremities of the Fallopian tubes, and is continuous with their 

 mucous lining. 



* The viscera of the abdomen in situ. 1, 1. The iiaps of the abdominal parietei 

 turned aside. 2. The liver, its left lobe. 3. Its right lobe. 4. The fund us of the gall- 

 bladder. 5. The round ligament of the liver, issuing from the cleft of the longitudinal 

 fissure, and passing along the parietes of the abdomen to the umbilicus. 6. Part of the 

 broad ligament of the liver. 7. The stomach. 8. Its pyloric end. 9. The commence 

 ment of the duodenum, a. The lower extremity of the spleen. 6, b. The greater omen- 

 tum. c, c. The small intestines, d. The caecum, e. The appendix caeci. ? / f The a^ 

 cending colon, g, g. The transverse colon, h. The descending colon, t. Ijhe sigmoid 

 flexure of the colon, k. Appendices epiploica* connected with the sigmoidi 1 ' flexure. L 

 Three ridges, representing the cords of the urachus and the umbilical arteries ascending 

 o Hie umbilicus m. Part of the under surface of the diaphragm. 

 12* 2r, 



