MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



157 



the conditions surrounding human life in Peru are more like those of Arizona than those of trop- 

 ical Mexico and Central America. The following are some of the indications of a special relation- 

 ship between the ancient Peruvians and the ancient Arizoiiiaus: 



1. In the ruins of some of the ultra-mural houses there were unearthed terra-cotta images of 

 a quadruped which can not be identified as resembling' any animal of the present North American 

 Sauna, while all other effigies found are easily identified. Unfortunately I am able to present only 

 an outline drawing of one of these (Fig. 16.) Zoologists who have seen the original terra-cottas 

 are of the opinion that it represents a creature allied to the South American camellidw (llama 

 vicuna, guanaco, etc.). In various parts of the Southwest there are petrographs which are thought 

 to represent the same animal. Some of these petrographs are located at considerable distances 

 from Los Muertos, as, for instance, those in the Puerco Valley, some 250 miles away. 



FIG. 18. Rock inacription representing, it is supposed, vicuna-like animals ami bula-thrower. besides door and other animals. 



It has been surmised that such animals continued to be domesticated by the sedentary Indians 

 of Arizona and New Mexico down to historic days and became extinct only when the more service- 

 able European sheep was introduced by the Spaniards. This surmise is based on certain state- 

 ments found in the works of early writers and explorers who speak of the Pueblo Indians having 

 a coarse cloth, something like woolen cloth, and having small wool-bearing animals domesticated 

 in their houses. But Prof. Bandolier, who has studied the early documentary evidence relating 

 to the Southwest more thoroughly, no doubt, than any other living student, discredits the modern 

 existence of these animals. In a letter to the writer he shows that we have only hearsay testimony 

 as to their existence and concludes with these words : " If there has ever been a llama, guauaco, or 

 vicuna, known to the Southwestern Indians, it became extinct long previous to the sixteenth cen- 

 tury." Fossil bones of an animal of this family have been found in the Southwest; but its bones 

 were not identified in the Salado ruins. 



2. In several places among the ruins, on the floors of the houses, near the walls (as if they 

 had fallen from the latter), were seen peculiar groups of stones, consisting of three globoid and one 

 ovoid pebble. These are thought to have been the stones of bolas such as are now used in South 

 America to catch wild or half domesticated animals. The buckskin cases and thongs which con 

 nected the stones are supposed to have decayed, like all similar material in the ruins. The presence 

 of these stones would, in itself, be insufficient evidence of the use ofbolns among this people, but 



