170 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



H- SEX. 



In twenty-one cases the skulls are accompanied by enough of the remaining bones to let the 

 sex be stated with considerable confidence. These twenty-one skulls are the following: 



Males: Nos. H. 6, H. 7, H. 14, H. 18, H. 19, H. 24, H. 25, H. 26, H. 32, H. 34, H. 41 total, 11. 



Females: H. 1, H. 5, H. 8, H. 10, H. 15, H. 21, H. 36, H. 39, H. 45, II. 57 total, 10. 



These groups appear to be so scattered through the various ordinations that it cannot with 

 safety be said that the sexes are distinguished from each other by any metrical characteristics. 



Although it is universally attempted to distinguish the sex of, say, four skulls in five, we do 

 not consider it possible, in the present case at least, to do so; for, firstly, the number of known 

 sex is so small that it is not possible to say that there is a constant sexual difference in any par- 

 ticular dimensional relation ; secondly, there is apparently no constant difference of anatomical 

 detail, such as prominent processes, " strong marking," or the like. The sex of H. 40, the type 

 skull, can not be certainly stated, but, very reservedly, of course, we may suggest the probability 

 of its being female. In this connectioii it is interesting to note that II. 7 and II. 25, males, also 

 closely represent the type and closely resemble one another. 



$ 5. PATHOLOGY. 



Of the Salado collection about 69 sets of bones, representing each a complete individual 

 skeleton, or the majority of bones of one individual, have come to us; but, as these sets are some- 

 times mixed with bones which do not belong to them, and as there are many miscellaneous bones 

 in the collection, percentages of pathological formations must in some cases be only approximate. 

 The collection shows some interesting anomalies, diseases, and injuries. 



Foramen (kale 



Ihlato 



. 



Spheno-Pferifyoid' 



/branien_ ___ 



-Ihymentof Palatine Bone . 



Flo. 25. Fragment of skull, .sliu\vin<* Hpheno-ptrrygoicl foramen. 



Anomalies. The more important anomalies, those supposed to be of anthropological signifi- 

 cance, are discussed more fully elsewhere, under separate headings. Some of those of minor 

 importance will be considered here. In one case (fragment) the occipital bone showed two small, 

 smooth, rounded condyloid prominences close to each other at the anterior part of the foramen 

 magnum. The condyles proper were somewhat broken, but appeared to be smaller than usual, 

 though normally located. 



In one case (H. 21, PL 21) the foramen magnum was of unusual size. At least the portion of 

 its border, the posterior half, which remained, indicated that the foramen was very large. The 

 basilar portion of the occipital bone was missing. 



The spheno-pterygoid foramen, complete or incomplete, was not found in any of the restored 

 skulls; but in one small fragment a complete foramen was found, where the two processes which 

 formed its boundaries touched but were not coossified (Fig. 25). 



In H. 33 the occipital bone showed behind the right condyle, from which it was separated by 

 a narrow groove, a small, smooth surface which articulated with a corresponding small, smooth 

 surface on the atlas, behind the usual kidney-shaped articular surface. In Hie ease of the atlas 

 also there was an absence of the spiuous process and of a small part of the posterior arch on each 

 side, leaving a gap in the bone. There was no sign of inflammatory action. 



