MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 187 



In au article entitled " Nachtrag zur Anatomie der Schadelnahte," by Dr. E. Zuckerkandl,* 

 in a series of 134 skulls, mostly Negroes, Negritos, and Malays, we find the following notable cases: 



No. 98: Indian (American?), sagittal suture obliterated in places. No synostosis of coronal, 

 lambdoid, or mastoid sutures. 



No. 104: Peruvian, sagittal totally obliterated; otlier sutures open. 



No. 124: Alfuru, sagittal obliterated in places; other sutures open. 



No. 128: Javanese woman, sagittal totally synostosed; otlier sutures open. 



In none of these cases does the author note a senile appearance of a skull, as seems to have 

 been done when required throughout the article. 



Unfortunately we do not possess a copy of Dr. Davis's workt on synostosis of cranial sutures 

 where this subject is discussed. He refers to it, however, in his " Thesaurus Crauiorum," which 

 we quote : 



I have pointed out that scapkocephaUva ix fur from hcinr/ tlir iixiiul rrxttlt of the early ossification 

 of the sagittal suture. This position is maintained by an analysis of the twenty-seven skulls in this collection which 

 present no appearance of sagittal suture, but only four of which are true .sryi/ircp/i(i.{ 



Continuing, he refers particularly to four of these cases of synostosis, which we quote accord- 

 ingly, omitting the measurements. 



No. 100: African negro, male, a-t. c. 30; presents a complete obliteration of the sagittal suture but no acapho 

 cephalimi or other deformity. The alisphenoids and parietals only just touch. 



No. 378. Pokomame; imperfect calv. * * * an instance of premature ossification of the sagittal suture 

 which is totally obliterated. The other sutures are all open. * * In the, synostosis of the parietals in the case 



of a calvarium artificially deformed in so extreme a degree and in a direction running parallel to the sagittal suture; 

 it is, I believe, unique. There is not the slightest approach to scaphocephalism. 



No. 915: Australian, female, set. c. 17. This small cranium is synostotic from premature obliteration of the 

 sagittal suture, which has not materially changed its form. It can not he denominated scaphocephalic at all. It 

 exhibits marks of old injuries on the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones, and has no spheuo-parietal sutures. 



No. 789: Fatnhivan, male, :et. e. 17. This calvarium of a young subject is very large, thin, and in appearance 

 swollen out as if it hart been hydrocephalic. It is also synostotic, the sagittal suture being totally obliterated; yet 

 the calvarium is not scaphocephalic, nor indeed deformed in any 



$ 18. THE INC A BONE AND ALLIED FORMATIONS.il 



Perhaps the most interesting feature discovered in this series is the great prevalence of the 

 Inca bone and its kindred anomalies. This was first observed by Dr. Wortman while he was 

 engaged in collecting and preserving the bones as they were exhumed at Camp Hemenway in the 

 Salado Valley in 1887. He had, however, no opportunity in the field for making a careful study 

 and determining the comparative frequency of the anomalies; besides, the bones when unearthed 

 were in such a friable condition that they could not properly be examined until they were 

 strengthened and repaired. Since they have been repaired at the Army Medical Museum we have 

 found, among complete skulls and fragments, a series of 88 occipital bones in a sufficient state of 

 preservation to be examined for these formations. 



We need not enter into an elaborate description of these anomalies, nor discuss at length their 

 morphological characters. Such elaboration is not within the general plan of our work. The 

 accompanying illustrations will, we hope, serve to make clear to the reader, when the text may 

 be too concise, the full meaning of the terms we employ. Those who desire to consult the original 

 authors whom we have followed are referred to the works of Virchow,fl Anoutchine,** and 

 Topinard.tt 



" Zuckerkandl, E. in Mittheilungen der Authropologishcn Gesellschaft, in Wien, Band iv, 1874, p. 144 et seq. 



+ DAVIS: On synostotic, crania, among Aboriginal Races of Man. Haarlem, 1865. 



t DAVIS: Thesaurus Cranioium, London, 18fi7, p. 57. 



Davis, op. cit., pp. 195, 235, 261, and 321. 



|| Much of the material in this section has appeared previously in an article, by the author, entitled " The Inca bone 

 and kindred formations among the ancient Arizonians." American Anthropologist, Washington, D. C., Vol. n, p. 337 

 (October, 1889). 



IfViROHOW: Ueber einigo Morkiualo niederer Menschenrassen am Schiidel. Berlin, 1875. Zeitsehrift fiir Eth- 

 nologic, v. 20, 1888, p. 470. 



** Revue d'anthropologie, 1883, p. 140 (Review). 



tt Pp. cit., p. 769, p. 791, foot note. 



