190 



MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The following table is made up of four of Anoutchine's tables, consolidated, with the following 

 modifications: (1) All the races are placed in one order and are called by one mime. (2) A title in 

 his table of "Americans in general" is omitted; it would serve in connection with this paper to 

 confuse rather than to enlighten the reader ; its figures are obtained merely by adding those of the 

 "Peruvians" to those of "Americans not Peruvians." (3) The Saladoans have been added and 

 placed at the head of the list. Anoutchine's percentages are based on a liberal number of 

 specimens, ranging from 157 in Australians and Tasnianians to 6,871 in Caucasians, in general. 

 The Peruvian specimens are 064, and the Americans (not Peruvians) are 390 in number. 



TABLE A. Showing 1 he percentage of the Inca bone and allied formations as found in various races. 



The above table speaks for itself and but little comment is necessary. It shows a most 

 remarkable correspondence in the frequency of these anomalies between the Saladoan and Peruvian 

 races. It shows also that, while in respect to three of the anomalies the Peruvians are widely 

 separated from the rest of the human race, as heretofore studied, the Saladoans are still farther 

 removed. In short, they out-Inca the Incas. 



It has been maintained* that the artificial pressure to which Peruvian skulls were subjected 

 produced the anomaly of the epactal bone. We consider that the arguments in favor of this theory 

 are already successfully refuted, but will nevertheless add to the refutation such testimony as the 

 Hemeuway collection offers. The Saladoan skulls bear not the slightest evidence of intentional, 

 depression or distortion of any kind, especially of that sort produced by the application to the 

 forehead of the head board, such as the Peruvians once used and some Indians of the northwest 

 coast still use. A certain amount of accidental or unintentional occipital depression is to be found 

 in the majority of the skulls, due apparently to the use of a wooden-backed baby basket with an 

 insufficient pillow; but it is a depression of no greater degree or frequency than is found in many 

 American races among which the epactal bone is comparatively rare. Furthermore, it is not in 

 the most depressed occiputs of the Saladoan skulls that the epactal bone is most common, but in 

 those that are fairly rounded and prominent. 



$ 19. FACIAL INDICES. * 



Being somewhat uncertain as to the true position of the ophryon in these skulls, we took 

 neither the ophryo-uiental nor the ophryo- alveolar measurements of Broca, and hence we were 

 unable to compute the facial indices of that author. We have contented ourselves with securing 

 the facial heights of the Frankfurt agreement, which have the definite point of the nasion for their 

 upper landmark, and from these we have computed four indices prescribed by the agreement, 

 namely: The total facial index of Virchow, the total facial index of Kollmann, the upper facia! 

 index of Virchow, and the upper facial index of Kollmann. (Tables xxvi to xxxin, inclusive.) 



As much as we have gained in precision by this selection we have lost in another way, since 



* Dissertation sur les races qui composaiont 1'ancienue population du Pdrou. Par M. L.-A. Gosse, Docteur en 

 Hcdecine. M<5moires do la Soci6t6 d'anthropologie, vol. I. 



