MKM01KS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 213 



males having the higher index in the first case and the females in the second. We believe, there- 

 fore, that the sexual difference is not sufficient to impair the value of the averages derived while 

 combining the sexes from a relatively large series. Hence we do not state the sexes upon our 

 tables. Indeed it is less our policy to investigate the sexual and other intraracial characteristics 

 of this people than to accumulate facts and distinctions dealing with their place in the human 

 series. 



The relation between the antibrachial index and the tibio-femoral' index, as shown by Dr. 

 Topinard's tables, may be, if we are permitted to borrow a term from craniology, harmonic or 

 (I inharmonic. Thus both indices may be large or small; in that case the relation is harmonic, or 

 one may be large and the other .small; in this case the relation is disharmonic. Harmonic indices 

 are the rule. Topinard calls attention to disharmonic indices in saying: 



The Chinese, who have an elevated antibrachial index, have a low tibio-femoral index. The Bushmen, who 

 have a low antiliradiial index, have a relatively elevated tibio-femoral index. 



We give (Table LIII) those of Dr. Topinard's figures, which deal with 5 or more cases, for 

 comparative data. His own comment upon them that they " rest upon too few cases " should, 

 however, be borne in mind. 



It is considered by comparative anatomists that increasing length of the second segment of a 

 limb as compared with the first segment is, when found in man, a low character. This opinion is 

 grounded upon the knowledge of the relatively great length which the radii and tibiae of anthro- 

 poid apes bear, respectively, to the humeri and femora. The criterion thus established places the 

 Saladoans well toward the foot of the human scale. With regard to the antibrachial index they 

 stand next to the bottom of 'the scale, between the Chinese, Annamites and Javanese above and 

 the African negroes below, and removed three places, or 2.72 per cent, from the South Americans. 

 With regard to the tibio-femoral index they stand at the bottom of the scale, next below the 

 South Americans. These latter, therefore, we note in passing, seem to have quite disharmonic 

 indices of the long bones, which the Saladoans certainly have not. 



As will be seen from a glance at Table LIII, where we give extracts from Topinard's figures 

 and insert our own data for the Saladoans in their proper places, the characters derived from the 

 study of the long bones must be called discordant or "out of the series" by those anthropologists 

 who insist that all data of a true scientific value shall group themselves in a scale having a Euro- 

 pean at the top, a Chinaman in the middle, and a Negrito at the bottom. 



5 29. THE SCAPULAR INDEX. 



Owing to the greatly damaged condition of the skeletons, only fifteen adult scapulae were in a 

 sufficiently good state of preservation to be submitted to the measurements of length and width 

 required for computing the scapular index. Of these, nine are right scapulae and six are left scap- 

 ulas. The maximum index is 81.66; the minimum, 65.21, both found on the right side. The aver- 

 age for the right scapulae is 71.42, and for the left 70.61. The general average is, then, 71.09 for 

 the whole series. 



Here again we find the Saladoans occupying a low position in the human series. 



The following extract from Flower and Garson's* figures on the subject exhibit the position of 

 the Saladoans, whose index we insert with reference to certain other peoples. 



Races. Indices. 



6 Tasmania!! scapulai 60. 3 



200 European scapula 1 65. 2 



6 Bushmen scapula 1 66.7 



12 Australian scapulai 68. 9 



21 Andaman scapulas 69. 8 



15 Saladoan scapulae 71.0 



6 Negro scapulas 71. 7 



But it is probable that the distinctive numerical grades of value of the scapular index differ 

 from one another by so small degrees that large series must be measured in order to obtain figures 



* FLOWER and GARSON : On the scapular index as a race character in man. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 

 London, 1879. 



