MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 231 



latter. They are the same among the Cibolans as they are in races with long heads who have no 

 practices that result in flattening. For instance, according to Topinard,* the average angle of 

 Daubenton is among Esquimaux, Hottentots, and Australians 6, and among Javanese, Polyne- 

 sians, and New Caledonians 7, while among the Cibolaus it is intermediate between these two, 

 or G. But it must be stated that Topinard omits fractions. 



} 40. PROCESSES AT BASE OF SKULL. THE INION. CIBOLA. 



In general, the processes at the base of the skull are somewhat more prominent in the Cibolan 

 than in the Saladoan skulls. This is particularly noticeable in the case of the inion, or, more 

 properly speaking, the superior curved line in the region of the iuion. 



We have estimated the degree of projection of the inion indirectly from orthogonal drawings 

 of the occiput. These drawings represent the most prominent points, whether they be in the 

 sagittal plane or not. Hence if any part of the superior curved line of the occiput be more promi- 

 nent than the inion proper, it is that which is represented upon the drawing and compared with 

 the standard. This greater prominence of the superior curved line at one side of the insertion of 

 the ligamentum nuchcTj is met with several times (wejl marked in 8 cases; see Table LXXXVI) in 

 the skulls under discussion. lu general, the inion does not project much downward as a free proc- 

 ess from the occiput, but is part of a large elevated bone area, quite distinct, and corresponding 

 to the median part of the superior curved line. In short, it is the insertion of the trapezius muscle 

 rather than the insertion of the ligameutum nuchaj which is exaggerated. 



This greater prominence of the inial region of the Cibolan over the Saladoan skulls may be 

 due to the fact that the pressure which flattened the skulls seems to have been exerted in the 

 former entirely on a surface above the inion, while in the latter it was usually on a surface which 

 included the inion. This remark must be taken in connection with what we have said in 9. 



In the Saladoan skulls none of the inia are more prominent than Broca's No. 1. In the Cibolan 

 skulls (see Tables LXXXVI and LXXXVII) 12 out of 32, or three-eighths of all, correspond with higher 

 numbers of Broca's scale. There is one which we consider as equaling his No. 4. 



* 



41. THE PTERION. CIBOLA. 



We have found in this series 40 pteria which admitted of measurement. TBey are equally 

 distributed between the right and left sides. Eighteen skulls have both pteria intact. They are 

 all of the form '' pteriou in H," but two are complicated with epipteric bones. (See Table 

 LXXXVIII.) 



The longest right pterion is 18 mm ; the longest left pterion, 24 mm . There are two pteria of the 

 right side measuring 9 mm , but none measuring less. There are two of the left side measuring 

 7 mm , and this is the minimum of the whole group. The average length of the right is 14.60", of 

 the left 13.55 mm , of all 14.07""" . These averages are higher than those of Salado. 



In the Cibola, as in the Salado group, there are but two pteria less than 8 mm in length, but, as 

 the Cibolan series is greater, it shows a smaller percentage, which is only 5. 



Placing the above figure along with Anoutchine's tables, previously quoted, we find that the 

 Peruvians have of all races the smallest percentage (3.4) of pteria less than 8" im in length; 

 that the Cibolans come next, with 5 per cent; the Saladoans third, with 6.5 per cent; the " People 

 of the Caucasus, Turkestan, and Turko-Finnish " fourth, with 6.9 per cent, and that all other races 

 have higher percentages, the highest being the Australians and Tasmanians, 24.6 per cent. 



Like the Saladoans, the Cibolans show no frontal apophyses at the pterion, and they show 

 but two epipteric bones (5 per cent), less even than the Peruvians, whose per cent (6) is the lowest 

 on Anoutchine's table of 10 series. 



In making this comparison it should be remembered that both of the series described in this 

 report are much smaller than any of Anoutchine's, his lowest Australians and Tasmanians being 

 102. 



TOPINARD: Op. tit., p. 814. 



