282 



MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



2. Greatest length (longitudinal diameter) from the center point between tlie superciliary ridges 



to the most prominent part of the occiput (without regard to horizontal plane) ; calipers. 



3. Intertubal length from the central point between the frontal eminences and the most prominent 



part of the occiput (without regard to the horizontal plane); measured with calipers. 



4. Greatest width, B. B., Fig. 3, perpendicular to sagittal pi ane, measured with calipers (not over 



the mastoid processes or at the posterior temporal ridge) ; the points measured must be on 

 the same horizontal plane. 



5. Smallest frontal breadth, S. S., Fig. 4; shortest distance between the temporal ridges of the 



frontal bone. 



6. Height, called entire height after Virchow, H, Fig. 1 : From the center of the anterior border 



of the foramen magnum to the parietal curve, perpendicular to horizontal plane. The differ- 

 ence between the height of the posterior border of the foramen magnum and the anterior 

 should be indicated from which the height according to Baer-Ecker is ascertained. (Meas 

 ured with calipers.) 



7. Auxiliary height: As in crania, in which the bones of the face are missing, the horizontal plane 



can not be accurately indicated, the following shall be measured as the auxiliary height : 

 From the center of the anterior border of the foramen magnum to junction of coronal and 

 sagittal sutures; this always nearly corresponds with the height as in G. 



FIG. 3. 



Kid. 4. 



8. Auricular height: From the upper margin of the meatus auditorius to a point of the vertex per- 



pendicularly above the meatus, perpendicular to the horizontal plane. 



9. Auxiliary auricular height: From the same starting point to the highest point of the parie al 



curve, about 2 or 3 centimeters behind the coronal suture. 



10. Length of cranial basis: From the center of the anterior border of the foramen magnum to the 



middle of the naso-frontal suture. (Measured with calipers.) 

 12 and 13. Greatest length and breadth of foramen magnum to be measured in the sagittal plane 



and perpendicular thereto. 

 13. Breadth of cranial basis : Distance between the ends of the mastoid processes. 



14. Horizontal circumference of cranium: Directly above the superciliary ridge and over the most 



prominent part of the occiput. Steel-tape. 



15. Sagittal circumference of cranium : From the naso-frontal suture to the posterior margin of 



the foramen magnum along the sagittal suture. Steel-tape. 



16. Vertical circumference from one upper margin of the meatus auditorius to the other, perpen 



dicular to horizontal plane (about 2 or 3 centimeters behind coronal suture). Steel tape. 



LINEAL MEASURES OF FACE. 



17. Facial width after Virchow : Distance between the maxillo-malar sutures; should be meas- 



ured from the lower anterior corner of one malar bone to the other. 



18. Zygomatic width: Greatest distance between the zygomatic arches. 



18o. Interorbital width : Shortest distance between the inner borders of the orbits. 



