MEMOIHS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 283 



19. Facial height from the center of the fronto-nasal suture to the center of the lower border of 



the inferior maxilla. (G. II. W, Fig. 2.) 



20. Tipper (or middle) facial height : From the middle of the naso-frontal suture to the middle of the 



alveolar edge of the superior maxilla, between the middle incisors. (O. K. W, Fig. 2.) 



21. Nasal height (W. N. H., Fig. 2): From the middle of the naso-frontal suture to the middle of 



the upper border of the lower nasal spine. 



22. Greatest breadth of nasal cavity (wherever it is found, see Fig. 4) to be measured horizontally. 



23. Greatest breadth of orbit (a Fig. 4) : From middle of median border to lateral border of orbit. 

 25. Greatest height of orbit (Fig. 4, b): Perpendicular to greatest breadth. 



27. Length of palate bone: From the extreme point of the posterior nasal spine to the inner lamella 



of the alveolar border between the middle incisors. 



28. Median width of palate: Between the inner alveolar walls of the second molars. 



29. Width of posterior end of palate: On both posterior ends of palate, between the inner alveolar 



walls. 



30. Length of profile of face) Kollmann's (G. L., Fig. 2) : From the most prominent part of the 



middle of the external alveolar border of the upper maxilla to the anterior margin of the 

 foramen magnum (in the median plane). 



31. Profile angle (P<, Fig. 1) is the angle formed by profile line Pf with the horizontal. 



MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITY OF . CRANIUM. 



32. The capacity of the cranium is measured with shot (in fragile crania with millet). The manner 



of measuring to be agreed upon hereafter. 



CRANIAL INDICES. 



100 width 

 I. Length-width index 



length. 



Dolichocephalic to 75.0 



Mesocephalic 75.179.9 



Brachycephalic 80.085.0 



Hyperbrachy cephalic ' . . - . from 85.1 and over. 



II. Length-height index 1( ' hd f ht 



length. 



Chamsecephalic (flat crania) to 70.0 



Orthocephalic 70.175.0 



Hypsicephalic (high crania) 75.1 and over. 



III. Profile angle. 



The inclination of the profile line to the horizontal is divided in the following three grades: 



1. Prognathic to 82.0 



2. Mesognathic or orthognathie 83.0 90.0 



3. Hyperorthognathic 91.0 and above. 



IV. Facial index (after Virchow) IP? Jg' ial , he i 1 g ht calculated from the linear distance of the 



facial width, 



facial breadth (No. 17) and the facial height (No. 19) (like the facial index of von Holder). 



Broad-face crania to 90.0 



Small-face crania 90.1 and over. 



V. Upper facial index (after Virchow) 10 ."PPg r facial height calculate(1 from the linear 



facial width. 



distance of the facial width (No. 17) and the upper facial height (No. 20). 



Broad upper face crania, index to 50. 



Narrow upper face crania, index 50. 1 and over. 



