viii THE EXCEETION OF UKINE 477 



the fluid was hypotonic. (&) Normal epithelium, on the other 

 hand, does not as a rule set up osmotic equilibrium, but reacts 

 differently according to the requirements of the organism, (c) 

 With hypotonic solutions there is no change in quantity or con- 

 centration, (d) The same holds good for isotonic solutions if the 

 animal had been well supplied with food and drink, but if it 

 were suffering from hunger or thirst, partial absorption followed. 

 (e) With hypertonic solutions there was a marked absorption of 

 salt. 



Both the reabsorption of water in case of need, and that of the 

 salt from hypertonic solutions (the excessive elimination of which 

 in a too-concentrated urine would under normal conditions involve 

 too great a loss of this useful substance), must, according to these 

 authors, be interpreted as useful reactions in the animal economy, 

 requirements to which the variable capacities of the epithelial cells 

 of the bladder can adapt themselves. 



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