92 PHYSIOLOGY CHAP. 



man, Tigerstedt remarks that, if we admit (i) that a day's work 

 of 100,000 kgrmmeters cannot be considered excessive for an 

 adult man, (ii) that the material exchange of a man at rest is 

 equivalent to 2350 calories, and (iii) that in muscular work 25 per 

 cent of the energy expended is used, we are led to the conclusion 

 that the workman must consume 941 calories more, which, added 

 to 2350, gives a total of 3291 calories. If to this number we add 

 the 10 per cent which, according to Tigerstedt's calculations, are 

 lost in the faeces, we have a total of 3650, representing the energy 

 value of the whole of the food of an average workman. This 

 figure is much nearer the higher estimate of Atwater than the 

 lower one of Voit. 



The sum total of the observations collected by Atwater and 

 Tigerstedt relating to the food voluntarily chosen by workmen 

 proved that the general diet, and the corresponding energy value, 

 were in some cases considerably lower, but in a larger number of 

 cases much higher than the average given above. This depends 

 not merely on the fact that a very different degree of intensity of 

 work is required in different trades and professions, but also on the 

 fact that different individuals following the same trade accomplish 

 a very different amount of work, and more especially on the 

 fact that the alimentary requirements of different individuals vary 

 greatly, even when they do an equal amount of work. An 

 average diet is not suited to all alike, and should be regulated 

 in both public and private institutions according to individual 

 requirements. 



Tigerstedt classifies the food requirements of workmen in 

 seven groups according to their total energy value as shown in 

 the following table : 



1. 2000-2500 calories. 5. 4000-4500 calories. 



2. 2500-3000 6. 4500-5000 



3. 3000-3500 7. Over 5000 



4. 3500-4000 



In order to show clearly the distribution of the food substances 

 in the dietary of different individuals, Tigerstedt gives in the two 

 following tables a large number of observations of diets freely 

 chosen. The first table shows the diet of American workmen, 

 drawn up from the investigations made under Atwater's super- 

 vision according to a strictly uniform system of observation, and 

 published in the Report of the Minister of Agriculture of the 

 United States. In the second table are collected the more or less 

 accurate and complete observations published by various European 

 physiologists and hygienists. 



[TABLE 



