viii THE HUMAN EACES 343 



contrary : Nachtigall's accounts of his marvellous journeys in the 

 Sudan, which were accomplished partly on foot, laden with his gun 

 and other impedimenta, afford clear evidence that the European 

 does not necessarily lose his capacity for hard work when in a 

 tropical climate. On several occasions marches of ten hours a day 

 were made, involving work corresponding to 300,000 kilogram- 

 metres (Eanke). 



If it be open to question whether the capacity of Europeans 

 for work remains unaltered in tropical climates, it is an undoubted 

 fact that the natives of such climates are capable of doing a 

 remarkable amount of work. Their walking powers, as recorded 

 by reliable explorers, are extraordinary. Amongst the Peruvian 

 Indians the so-called post-boys, who do all their journeys on foot, 

 walk twenty leagues or more in a day (134 kilometres). 



Nuttal says that the Ossagis of North America walk sixty 

 English miles (96 kilometres) a day, and Eoger Williams that the 

 Indians of New Britain can accomplish 128 to 160 kilometres 

 a day. Darwin tells us that the natives of Tahiti can walk the 

 whole day carrying a load of 45'4 kilos on either side, which, 

 taking a march of eight hours at an average rate of walking, 

 would, according to Ranke, amount to the production of work 

 equivalent to 330,000 kilogrammetres. 



Darwin says that the Apiri, who work in the mines of Chili, 

 bring to the surface daily from a depth of 73 metres a load weigh- 

 ing over 91 kilos. Ranke calculates this daily production of work 

 to be equivalent to 157,077 kilogrammetres, whereas the daily 

 work of European miners only amounts to 128,000 to 131,000. 



The capacity of representatives of various races has been 

 determined by means of dynamometers. Weisbach measured with 

 the manual dynamometer the strength of the pressure exercised 

 by the hands of a large number of natives, more especially Asiatics 

 and Australians. 



The Polynesians are the strongest of all, next to them come 

 Australians, Malays, and Chinese. His figures are as follows : 

 New Zealanders, 68 '2 kgrms. ; natives of Stewart Island, 56*44 

 kgrms. ; Bugic, 50'23; Amboinese, 48'69 ; Nicobarians, 48'4; 

 Sudanese, 46'76 ; Australians, 46'36 ; Javanese, 44'25 ; Chinese, 

 42-28 ; Maduresians, 30'27. 



The same order holds good for the women; the women of 

 Tahiti are the strongest, 34'21 kgrms. ; Australian women, 25 '86 ; 

 Javanese, 22*53 ; Sudanese, 21'34; the weakest being the 

 Chinese women, 21 '04. 



Whilst these average results are of a certain comparative value, 

 since they were all obtained in the same way, we must not attach 

 too much importance to them, seeing that the number of persons 

 examined is relatively small (Ranke). 



Gould's careful and extended study of the soldiers of North 



