350 



PHYSIOLOGY 



CHAP. 



la 



sol i__ 



scale having seven equal intervals, which Baglioni (1911) found 



1 to be common to all eastern 



- pn,....jrr. ..... ^_ Asiatics (Chinese, Japanese, 



: Burmese, Indians, and Syrians). 



si ......... _ __ f- This tempered eptatonic scale 



5 differs from our tempered dia- 



tonic scale, but has in common 



= r with it the advantage of being 



I | readily transposed (Mg. 134). 



These results show the utility 

 of investigations into acoustics 

 and comparative musicology as 

 signs of the affinity or relation- 

 ship existing between the civil- 

 isation of different peoples, more 

 especially if the absolute pitch 

 of the notes in use be taken into 

 account (von Hornbostel). 



Undoubtedly, one of the 

 most important chapters in 

 physiology is that relating to 

 the functions of the organism 

 as a whole, to alimentation, and 

 more especially to the exchange 

 both of matter and energy which 

 is a direct consequence thereof. 

 Seeing what a great influence 

 is exercised by external tem- 

 perature on the exchange of 

 material and the production of 

 heat in the human organism, 

 we shall readily understand 

 that great differences exist in 

 these respects between races 

 inhabiting different climates. 

 Theoretically, indeed, we should 



FIG. 134. Diagram showing the two European PYr vp P f fn finrl a crnallov nno-nfifTr 

 scales, (A) tempered, (B) diatonic, as compared ex PeCT> CO HUQ a Smaller quantity 



with the oriental scale (C). The intervals of a o f nourishment required by the 



tempered semitone are divided into ten frac- .. . . T- . J v 



tions (tenths of a semitone) ; the interval be- llian living 111 the tl'OplCS than 

 tween each sound in the oriental scale corre- nA^A 1^ 4-"U v i *. r 



sponds to about seventeen of these fractions, is needed by the inhabitant of 



The consonant intervals in the oriental scale f-Vip -nnlar rprrirma if Via ia tr\ 



/ f- 



do..... 



B 



C 



are all more or less altered, the only exception 



being the octave. The fifth is about two-tenths COVCr hlS 10SS 



lower, the fourth one-tenth higher, whilst the , 



two thirds are fused into a single neutral third are, IlOWeVer, tWO 



if Via 



of heat. There 



. , 

 Other lactS 



(BagTfo y ni b ) eweei1 the major and minor third ' which have a contrary effect and 



tend therefore to lessen this 

 difference : the greater quantity of heat employed in the evaporation 

 of a larger quantity of water from the surface of the body and 



