VIII 



THE HUMAN EACES 



363 



that the Bushmen of the present day, who, like the ancient 

 inhabitants of the French oaves, are hunters, produce works of 

 art astonishingly like those found in these caves. 



The development of psychic human activities as a whole has 

 kept pace with the morphological development of the different 

 organs (more especially of the brain), of civilisation, and of artistic 

 activity. We will consider more particularly the evolution of 

 the understanding. 



Verworn recently (1910, 1912) endeavoured to reconstruct the 

 different phases through which the human mind has passed during 

 the various geological ages. 



He writes as follows : " The study of the development of the 

 mind of man is an extremely complex problem, making demands 



FIG. 135. I. and II., drawings by children aged twelve years; III., Egyptian drawing dating from 

 the time of the new dominion. The eyes and chest are drawn facing towards us, the lower 

 limbs and face in profile, and the parts of the body which are hidden by the clothing are repre- 

 sented as showing through it. (Verworn and Erman.) 



upon us of the most varied kinds. It requires the investigation 

 of the most widely different sciences, which as a rule are never 

 brought into contact with one another; such as theology and 

 anatomy, ethnology and physiology, history of art and embryology, 

 pre-history and pedagogy, zoology and technology. This renders 

 the task extremely difficult, for where are we to find an in- 

 vestigator who is an expert in all these branches ? The cut-and- 

 dried methods of the scientific world, which refuses to recognise 

 any science which is not supported by historical tradition and 

 sanctioned by authority, force every investigator to turn a priori 

 to one of these state-recognised branches of knowledge and 

 expose any scientist whose problems lead him into realms of 

 knowledge which appear far removed from one another to the 

 ridicule of his more orthodox colleagues. 



