370 



PHYSIOLOGY 



CHAP. 



large and had well-developed jaws. The gradual development of 

 man from this form was very simple : his skull and brain increased 

 steadily in size until they assumed their present form, his back 

 and spine became quite erect, and his foot changed from a grasping 

 instrument into a means of support. 



Between 1889 and 1893 E. Dubois found in the Island of Java, 

 amongst other fossil remains of vertebrate animals, the skull cap 



FIG. 136. Diluvial skull of the Neander valley type (Homo monsleriensis) seen full face ; 

 anterior norm. (Klaatsch and Hauser.) 



and left femur of a form of anthropoid ape unknown to zoologists 

 among living forms, which he regards as the link between man 

 and monkey. 



As it must have been an anthropoid holding itself erect, he 

 gave it the name of Pithecanthropus erectus (Batavia, 1894) ; it had 

 a cranial capacity of about 850 to 1000 c.c. and a brain weighing 

 at least 750 to 800 grms. The significance of these remains has 

 been much discussed by both zoologists and anthropologists, and 



