378 



PHYSIOLOGY 



CHAP. 



Linnaeus (1707-1778), the father of modern classification, 

 after having placed the genus man in the first order of mammals, 

 which he termed primati, and in which he also included monkeys, 

 pre-monkeys, and bats, subdivided the genus into four varieties 

 or races : American, European, Asiatic, and African, basing his 

 classification on geographical distribution rather than on mor- 

 phological characteristics. The attributes assigned by him to 

 each group were partly morphological, partly ethnical, and partly 







FIG. 144. Toda (Notanthropus eurajricanus toda). (G. Sergi.) 



psychological in their nature, as will be seen from the following 

 literal translation which we quote from Eanke's work. 



1. Man (Homo sapiens). Know thyself. 



(1) Homo diurnus, varying according to his culture and dwell- 

 ing-place ; of him there are four varieties : 



(a) The American (Americanus) : Eeddish, passionate, holding 

 himself erect. Straight, black, coarse hair, wide nostrils, face much 

 freckled, almost no beard. Obstinate, contented, free, coloured in 

 labyrinthine lines (dedalic), subject to laws. 



