384 PHYSIOLOGY CHAP. 



of the whole body, divided humanity into five groups : the 

 Australoid, Negroid, Mongoloid, Fair (xanthocroid), and Mediter- 

 ranean brown (melanocroid) types. Friedrich Miiller (1879) based 

 his classification more especially upon the characteristics of the 

 skin, hair, and language, and divided mankind into two main 

 groups : woolly-haired (ulotrichi) and smooth-haired (lissotrichi). 



He subdivided the ulotrichi into (a) Lofocomi (Hottentots, 

 Papuans); (&) Eriocomi (African negroes and Kaffirs). The 



FIG. 152. Chinaman (Heoanthropus sinicus). (G. Sergi.) 



Lissotrichi fall into (a) Euticomi (Australians, Hyperboreans 

 or natives of the Arctic regions, Americans, Malays, Mongolians) ; 

 (&) Euplocomi (Dravidians, Nubians, and the peoples of the 

 Mediterranean). 



Topinard (1885) divided humanity into three groups, con- 

 sisting of nineteen different races : (a) White, leptorhinous 

 races (Anglo-Scandinavian, Western Finns, the Mediterranean 

 peoples, Semitic -Egyptians, Lapp - Ligurians, Celtic - Sla v) ; (&) 

 Yellow, mesorhinous races (Eskimos, Tehuelcis, Polynesians, Bed 

 Indians, Yellow Asiatics, South Americans, Peruvians) ; (c) flat- 



