CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION Biology a new science Historical 

 biology Conservation of energy Evolution 

 Cytology New aspects of biology The mechanical 

 nature of living organisms Significance of the new 

 biological problems Outline of the subject 



PART I. 



THE RUNNING OF THE LIVING MACHINE. 

 CHAPTER I. 



IS THE BODY A MACHINE? 



What is a machine ? A general comparison of a body and 

 a machine Details of the action of the machine 

 Physical explanation of the chief vital functions 

 The living bo ly is a machine The living machine 

 constructive as well as destructive The vital factor . 19 



CHAPTER II. 



THE CELL AND PROTOPLASM. 



Vital properties The discovery of cells The cell doc- 

 trine The cell The cell lar structure of organisms 

 The cell wall Protoplasm The reign of proto- 

 plasm The decline of the reign of protoplasm The 

 structure of protoplasm The nucleus Centrosome 

 Function of the nucleus Cell division or karyoki- 

 nesis Fertilization of the egg The significance of 



