CHAPTER III. 

 THE CRANIUM AND FACE. 



The intelligence and all the special senses, except the 

 sense of touch already spoken of, are gathered together 

 compactly in the head, where they are carefully protected 

 with bony tissue. Covering the brain is the skull or cra- 

 nium, which is made up of eight bones, the frontal, the 

 occipital, two parietal, two temporal, the sphenoid, and 

 the ethmoid, while the bones of the face are fourteen in 

 number, two nasal, two superior maxillary, two lachry- 

 mal, two malar, two palate, two inferior turbinated, the 

 vomer, and the inferior maxillary. For the most part 

 the bones are arranged in pairs, one on either side. 



The Cranial Bones. The cranium or skull is especially 

 adapted for the protection of the brain and the bones are 

 flat and closely fitted to its surface. They have two 

 layers of bone, the outer and the inner tables, of which 

 the outer is the thicker, and between these is a tissue 

 filled with blood-vessels, the diploe. In the infant, whose 

 brain has not yet attained its full size, opportunity must 

 be left for growth and the skull therefore consists of a 

 number of bones with interlocking notched edges, where 

 growth takes place, but in the adult it forms one solid 

 covering of bone. 



The line where the edges of two cranial bones come 

 together is called a suture. The suture between the 

 frontal bone and the forward edges of the two parietal 

 bones is called the coronal suture, that between the two 

 parietal bones at the vertex of the skull is known as the 

 longitudinal or sagittal suture, and that between the 

 occipital bone and the back edges of the parietal bones 

 as the lambdoidal suture. 



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