SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE FACE. 25 



affections of the facial. Both nerves are occasionally 

 palsied. 



The lymphatic ganglia of the face are most thickly 

 situated along the base of the jaw, on it and the bucci- 

 nator muscle, others under the zygoma, and beneath, in, 

 or upon the parotid gland. The ganglia around the 

 mouth are sometimes affected with syphilitic induration 

 after the application of the specific virus to the lips. The 

 cellular tissue being very lax, and loosely attached to 

 the subjacent structures, it is very liable to the infil- 

 tration of fluids, or of air, as in wounds of the frontal 

 sinuses or larynx. As the fasciaB of the face are very 

 thin and ill-defined, abscesses in this region point early. 



The congenital malformations consist of closure of its 

 apertures, arrests of development, such as single and 

 double hare-lip, frequently associated with cleft-palate. 

 The aperture of the nostrils is occasionally single. 



The facial relations of the parotid gland (anterior por- 

 tion and socia-parotidis) are of importance so far as they 

 are concerned in the removal of growths, and in opera- 

 tions for salivary fistulse. The gland is situated just in 

 front of and below the ear, the deeper portion lying be- 

 hind the angle of the jaw, limited above by the zygoma 

 (vide Parotid Region). On the face it overlaps the mas- 

 seter to a variable extent, having generally a small ac- 

 cessory portion just in front of it, called the socia-paro- 

 tidis. Its duct runs forward to the anterior edge of the 

 masseter, and dips inward to open obliquely through the 

 cheek, opposite the second molar tooth of the upper jaw. 

 Its course is defined by a line extending from the upper 

 border of the lobe of the ear to midway between the 

 nostril and the angle of the mouth ; and great care must 

 be taken in operations on the face to avoid its division, 



