36 SURGICAL ANATOMY OF 



having corresponding ducts, on either side of which 

 open a number of small cul-de-sacs. The office of their 

 secretion is to prevent adhesion of the eyelids ; the ciliary 

 follicles are subject to dilatation and suppuration, form- 

 ing stye. The inner angle presents the tendo-oculi, the 

 inosculation of the angular and ophthalmic arteries and 

 their veins, the lachrymal sac, puncta lachrymalia, and 

 in the canthus the caruncula lachry'malis, having on its 

 outer side the plica semilunaris. 



The conjunctiva, after its reflection over the eyeball, 

 becomes transparent, and its bloodvessels are invisible, 

 unless conjunctivitis is present. These vessels are ar- 

 ranged as a network over the entire surface of the globe, 

 and can be caused to slide over the subjacent cornea or 

 sclerotic, owing to the cellular membrane existing be- 

 tween them. It will be observed in the inflammatory 

 condition, that the direction of the bloodvessels of the 

 sclerotic are arranged radially, and are pinkish in color, 

 owing to their lying in its dense substance, whereas the 

 conjunctival vessels are scarlet. 



The lachrymal apparatus, which includes the lachry- 

 mal gland, the lachrymal ducts, the conjunctival surface 

 of the eyeball, the canalicula, the lachrymal sac and its 

 duct (nasal duct), is situated partially within the orbital 

 cavity, partially in the eyelids, and partially in the nose. 



The lachrymal gland lies in a depression situated at 

 the external and superior aspect of the orbital fossa. It 

 is inclosed in a fibrous capsule, and generally consists of 

 two portions an orbital, the larger, and an anterior or 

 palpebral ; the outer margin of the aponeurosis of the 

 levator palpebrse muscle forming a partial separation of 

 these two portions. Its relations are as follows : Supe- 

 riorly, the periosteum of the orbit (dura mater), inferiority, 



