48 SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE REGION OF 



merits to the bone of the following muscles, orbicularis, 

 levator labii superioris et alse nasi, levator labii superioris, 

 compressor naris, depressor labii superioris, levator an- 

 guli oris, buccinator, infra-orbital vessels and nerve, and 

 facial vessels and nerves. The advantage of this method 

 of external incision is that the vessels are divided near 

 their termination, and not through their larger branches, 

 and the duct of the parotid is left entire, without the 

 risk of salivary fistula, besides leaving an almost un- 

 noticeable cicatrix, by following the natural furrows of 

 the face. 



In the second stage of the operation, an incisor tooth 

 being extracted, the gum, alveolar process, and structures 

 forming the hard palate malar and nasal processes, with 

 a portion of the floor of the orbit. In the subsequent 

 dislocation of the bone, the internal maxillary artery, 

 with its vein and the branches after they have gained 

 the pterygo-maxillary fossa, and the posterior palatine 

 nerves are divided. 



SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE REGION OF THE SOFT 

 PALATE AND TONSIL. 



The soft palate, which is suspended obliquely from 

 before backwards "from the posterior border of the pala- 

 tine arch, or hard palate, is a curtain consisting of mucous 

 membrane, muscular and fibrous tissue, vessels and nerves, 

 forming an incomplete septum between the nasal and 

 buccal cavities, serving to prevent the food from passing 

 upwards into the nasal fossae, helping to push it down- 

 wards into the pharynx during deglutition, and also act- 

 ing upon the quality of the voice. Its movements are 

 elevation, depression, and transverse tension. It is con- 

 cave anteriorly, and its inferior anterior border presents 



