178 SURGICAL ANATOMY OF 



is a furrow showing the position of Potipart's ligament, 

 and below this again a depression over the crural ring. 



The cords of the obliterated hypogastric arteries are 

 seen as ridges, passing upwards towards the umbilicus, 

 forming the margins of the superior false ligaments of 

 the bladder, and between them lie the remains of the 

 urachus. On stripping off the peritoneum, the loose 

 subperitoneal fascia is seen, in which lie the deep epigas- 

 tric and circumflex ilii vessels, the latter running along 

 the deep surface of the crural arch. 



Parts concerned in Inguinal Hernia. Inguinal hernia 

 is described as being oblique or direct, with reference to 

 the inguinal canal ; and external or internal, with refer- 

 ence to its position to the deep epigastric vessels. 



The inguinal canal is an oblique channel, about an 

 inch and a half long in the male, and about two inches 

 in the female, owing to the greater breadth of the pelvis, 

 and its openings are the internal and external abdominal 

 rings ; and ike relation of the internal or deep ring to the 

 surface is indicated by a point taken about half or 

 tliree-quarters of an inch above the centre of Poupart's 

 ligament, along a line at right angles to it. This inter- 

 nal ring is an oval opening in the fascia transversalis, 

 transmitting the cord in the male and the round liga- 

 ment in the female, and is bounded above and exter- 

 nally by the arched fibres of the transversalis muscle, 

 and internally by the deep epigastric vessels. 



The boundaries of the inguinal canal are, in front, the 

 integument and superficial fascia, the aponeurosis of 

 external oblique, the internal oblique for its outer third, 

 and a small portion of the cremaster. Behind, the con- 

 joined tendon, triangular fascia, transversalis fascia, 

 subperitoneal fat, and peritoneum. Above, the fibres of 



