GORGONACEA. 181 



Fain. 1. Pteroeididae. Pinnules well developed, with siphonozooids on the 

 pinnules. Pteroeides Herklot ; Godcfroyia Kbll. ; Sarcophyllum Kbll. 



Fara. 2. Pennatulidae. Pinnules well developed ; siphonozooid^ on the 

 ventral and lateral sides of the rachis. Pennatula Lam. ; Leioptilum Verr. ; 

 Ptilosarcus Gray ; Halisceptrum Herklot. 



Fam. 3. Virgularidae. Pinnules small, without a calcareous plate. Virgu- 

 laria Lam. ; Scytalium Herkl. ; Pavonaria Kbll. 



Fam. 4. Stylatulidae. Pinnules small, with a calcareous plate. Stylatula 

 Yerr. ; Dubenia Kor. and Dan. ; Acanthoptilum Kbll. 



Section 2. Spicata. 



Rachis elongated, cylindrical, with a bilateral arrangement of the polyps ; 

 without pinnules ; polyps sessile. 



Fam. 5. Funiculinidae. Polyps on both sides of the rachis in distinct rows, 

 with cells ; ventral siphonozooids absent. Funiculina Lamarck ; Ualipteris 

 Kbll. 



Fam. 6. Stachyptilidae. Polyps (with cells) on both sides of the rachis in 

 distinct rows. Ventral siphonozooids present. Stachyptilum Koll. 



Fam. 7. Anthoptilidae. Polyps on both sides of the rachis in distinct rows, 

 without cells. Anthoptilum Kbll. 



Fam. 8. Kophobelemnonidae (Fig. 147). Polyps on both sides of the rachis 

 in a single series, or in indistinct rows, large and without cells; rachis elongated, 

 cylindrical ; ventral streak of rachis without polyps. Kophobelemnon Asbjbrnsen, 

 Sclerobelemnon Kbll. ; Bathyptilum Kbll. 



Fam. 9. Umbellulidae. Polyps on both sides of the rachis in a single series, 

 or in indistinct rows, large and without cells ; rachis short (i.e.) the polyps are 

 placed at the end of the central stem). Umbellula Lam. 



Fam. 10. Protocaulidae. Polyps on both sides of the rachis in a single 

 series, or in indistinct rows, small and without cells. Protocaulon Kbll. ; 

 Cladiscus Kor. and Dan. 



Fam. 11. Protoptilidae. Polyps on both sides of the rachis in a single series 

 or in indistinct rows, with cells. Protoptilum Kbll. ; Lygomorpha Kor. and 

 Dan. ; Microptilum Kbll. ; Leptoptilum Kbll. ; Trichoptilum Kbll. ; Scleroptilum 

 Kbll. 



Section 3. Kenillea. 



Rachis expanded in the form of a leaf, with bilateral arrangement of the 

 polyps on one side of the expansion ; without pinnules. A single large siphono- 

 zooid (exhalent zooid) terminates the end of the central stem. 



Fam. 12. Renillidae. Renilla Lam. 



Section 4. Veretillea. 



Club-shaped colonies, without pinnules. Polyps arranged all round the 

 rachis. 



Fam. 13. Cavernularidae. Spicules long. Cavernularia Valenciennes; 

 Stylobelemnon Kbll. 



Fam. 14. Lituaridae. Spicules short. Lituaria Val. ; Veretillum Cuv.; 

 Policella Gray ; Clavella Gray. 



Sub-order 5. GORGONACEA. 



Fixed colonial Alcyonaria with a horny or calcareous axial rod, which is 

 covered by a coenenchyma from which the polyps arise. 



