MADREPORARI A. 195 



columella may be present. Coenenchyma well developed between the calices. 

 Barylielia, Ed. and H. ; Neohelia Moseley ; Diblasus Lonsdale. 



(b) Dendroid or bunch-shaped colonies. Corallites often coalescing ; gfemma- 

 tion alternate. Columella absent or rudimentary. Tabulae or dissepiments 

 present or not. Lopholielia^A. and H. ; Amphihelia Ed. and H.; Acrohelia 

 Ed. and H. 



(c) Arborescent or tufted colonies. Gemmation rarely from one side only. 

 Columella various. Oculina Ed. and H. ; Cyathohelia Ed. and H. ; Trymohelia 

 Ed. and H. ; Sclerohelia Ed. and H. ; Bathelia Moseley. 



(d) Branched espalier-like colonies. Corallites projecting or twisted. Colu- 

 mella styliform. No pali. Coenenchyma well developed. Prohelia E. de Fro. 

 Jurassic and cretaceous. 



(e) Arborescent, palmate, or incrusting colonies. Septa few, unequal. Colu- 

 mella styliform. Costae short or absent. Stylophora, Ed. and H. ; Madracis 

 From. 



Fam. 3. Pocilloporidae. Colonial, with tabulae ; septa small ; columella 

 well or ill developed. Inter-corallite structure coenenchymal and solid. Polyps 

 with disc, tentacles, and one pair of long mesenterial filaments. Pocillopora 

 Lamarck ; Seriatopora Lamk. 



Fam. 4. Astraeidae. Solitary or colonial, rarely reproducing by deciduous 

 buds. Colonies increase by gemmation and fissiparous division. Interseptal 

 loculi with dissepimental endotheca, rarely tabulae. Soft parts resembling 

 those of Turbinolidae ; the long serial calices have several mouths in the limited 

 disc which is surrounded by tentacles. Corallites may unite by their walls, 

 but true intermural solid Coenenchyma is rarely seen. Includes the so-called 

 brain corals. 



Sub-fam. 1. Astraeidae simplices. Simple solitary torms. Propagation 

 rarely by deciduous buds. Pali present or absent. Endotheca always 

 present, but variable in amount. Lophosmilia Ed. and H. ; Spheno- 

 phyllia Moseley; Parasmilia Ed. and H.; Dasmosmilia P.; Lithophyllia 

 Ed. and H.; Asterosmilia Duncan. 



Sub-fdm. 2. Astraeidae reptantes. Colonies composed of short coral - 

 lites, which arise by gemmation from stolons or basal expansions. Cylicia 

 Ed. and H. ; Astrangia Ed. and H. ; Ulangia Ed. and H. ; Colangia Pourt. 

 Sub-fam. 3. Astraeidae gemmantes. Colonies increasing by gemmation 

 from the wall below the calicular margin. Endotheca dissepimental. 

 Cladocora Ed. and H. ; Pourtalosmilia Duncan. 



Sub-fam. 4. Astraeidae caespitosae. Corallites isolated terminally, 

 being free at their sides, springing from a common parent ; increasing 

 by fissiparity, separation occurring rapidly or serial growth persisting. 

 Gemmation rare. Eusmilia Ed. and H. ; Solenosmilict Dune. ; Dasyphyllia 

 Ed. and H. ; Dendrocora Dune ; Trachyphyllia Ed. and H. ; Mussa Oken. 

 Sub-fam. 5. Astraeidae confluentes. Increase by fissiparity, with 

 excess of serial growth. Gemmation may occur. Corallites united by 

 their walls, costae, or by intermediate tissue, or free. Euphyllia Ed. 

 and H. ; Dendrogyra Ehrbg. ; Pectinia Oken ; Diploria Ed. and H. ; 

 Manicina Ehrb. ; Maeandrina Ed. and H. ; Coeloria Ed. and H. ; Leptoria 

 Ed. and H.; Symphyllia Ed. and H. ; Mycetophyllia Ed. and H. ; Ulophyllia 

 Ed. and H. ; Tridacophyllia Blainv. ; Colpophyllia Ed. and H. ; Scapo- 

 phyllia Ed. and H. ; Plerogyra Ed. and H. ; Physogyra Quelch ; Hydnophora 

 Ed. and H. 



