NEMATODA. 



285 



tubes of the pig. St. filaria Rud., in the bronchial tubes of the sheep. St. 

 commutatus Dies., in the trachea and bronchial tubes of the hare and rabbit. 

 St. auricularis Rud., in the small intestine of Batrachia. St. micrurus in. 

 aneurisms on the arteries of the ox. 



Dochmius Duj. With wide mouth and horny oral capsule, the edge of which 

 is strongly toothed. Two ventrally placed teeth project at the bottom of the 

 oral capsule, while on the dorsal wall a conical spine projects obliquely forwards. 

 D. duodenalis Dub. (Ancylostomum duodenale Dub.), 10 to 18 mm. long, in the 

 small intestine of man, discovered in Italy (Fig. 233) ; very widely distributed 

 in the countries of the Nile (Bilharz and Griesinger). 

 By aid of its strongly armed mouth it wounds the 

 intestinal mucous membrane, and sucks the blood 

 from the vessels. The frequent haemorrhages occa- 

 sioned by these Dochmii are the cause of the illness 

 known by the name of Egyptian chlorosis. It has 

 lately been established that this worm occurs in 

 Brazil, and that, like D. trigonocephalus, it develops 

 in puddles of water ( Wucherer). D. trigonocephalus 

 Rud., in the dog. Sclerostomum Rud. With char- 

 acters of Dochmius, but with a different oral 

 capsule, into which two long glanular sacs open. 

 Sc. equinum Duj. = armatum Dies. In the intes- 

 tine and the mesenteric arteries of the horse. 

 Lives freely in Ehabditis form. Bellinger* has 

 shown that the phenomena of colic in the horse 

 may be referred to embolic processes proceeding 

 from aneurism of the intestinal artery. Each 

 aneurism contains about nine worms. Sc. tetra- 

 canthum Mehlis, also in the intestine of the horse. 

 The embryos, after migrating into the intestine, 

 become encysted in the walls of the rectum and 

 caecum, assume within the cyst their definite form, 

 break out from the cyst, and escape again into the 

 intestine. Pseudalius Duj. ; Physaloptera Rud. ; 

 Cucullanus Miill.; C. elegans Zed., in the perch, 

 buccal capsule well developed ; viviparous, the 

 young pass into water and enter Cyclops. 



Olullanus Lkt. ; 0. tricuspis Lkt., in the cat, 

 sexless young encysted in the mouse. Syngamus 

 Siebold ; S. trachealis Sieb. , in trachea and bronchi 

 of poultry cause of gapes, the male is permanently 



attached to the female by the application of the bursa to the female opening. 

 The eggs hatch on the ground or in water. No second host, though the 

 embryos may be eaten by earthworms and remain alive in their alimentary 

 canal. 



Fam. 3. Trichotrachelidae, with long, thin anterior portion of the body. 

 Mouth small, without papillae. Oesophagus very long, traversing a peculiar 

 cord of cells. 



Trichoceplialus Goeze. Anterior part (Fig. 234) of the body elongated and 



* Bellinger, "Die Kolik der Pferde und das Wurmaneurysma der Einge- 

 weidearterien," Miinchen, 1870. 



FIG. 233. Dochmiits duodenalis 

 (after R. Leuckart). a, male ; 

 mouth ; B bursa. b, female ;. 

 mouth ; A anus ; V vulva. 



