CHEILOSTOMATA. 565 



Fam. 3. Chlidoniidae. Zooecium composed of upright, free, segmented stems 

 springing from a stolonate network. Zooecia bicamerate ; unarmed. Chlidonia 

 Sav. 



Fam. 4. Catenariidae. Zooecium radicate, segmented ; internodes except 

 at a bifurcation formed of a single zooecium. Catenicella Blainv. ; Catcdaria Sav. 



Fam. 5. Cellulariidae. Zooecia in two or more series, closely united and 

 ranged in the same plane ; avic. and vibrac., or avic. only, almost always present 

 and sessile. Zoarium erect, dichotomously branched. Cellularia Pall. ; Menipea 

 Lamx. (Emma Gray) ; Scrupocellaria v. Ben. ; Caberea Lamx. ; Canda Lamx. ; 

 Nellia Busk. 



Fam. 6. Bicellariidae. Zooecia rather loosely united in two or more series, 

 or disjunct ; obconic or boat-shaped ; the aperture usually occupying a large 

 proportion of the front. Avic. when present, capitate, pedunculate, and jointed. 

 Zoarium not articulated, erect and phytoid, or composed of a number of cells 

 connected by tubular processes. Bicellaria Blainv. ; Bugula, Oken. ; Beania, 

 Johnston (Diachoris Busk) ; Kinetoskias Kor. and Dan. ; Ichthyaria Busk. 



Fam. 7. Farciminariidae. Fardminaria Busk. 



Fam. 8. Notamiidae. Zooecia in pairs, each pair arising by tubular pro- 

 longations from the pair next but one below it ; at each bifurcation a new series 

 of cells intercalated into the branches. Notamia Fleming. 



Tribe B. FLUSTRINA. With quadrate cells, the front surface of which is 

 flat and equals the area of the primitive aperture. 



Fam. 9. Cellariidae. Zooecia usually rhomboidal or hexangular, disposed in 

 series round an imaginary axis, so as to form cylindrical shoots. Zoarium erect, 

 calcareous, dichotomously branched. Cellaria Lamx. (Salicornaria Cuv.) ; 

 Melicerita M.-Edw. 



Fam. 10. Flustridae. Zoarium corneous and flexible, expanded, foliaceous, 

 erect. Zooecia contiguous, nmltiserial. Avicularia usually of a very simple 

 type. Flustra L. , F. foliacea L. ; Carbasea Gray. 



Fam. 11. Membraniporidae. Zoarium calcareous or membrane-calcareous. 

 Zooecia forming an irregular continuous expansion, or in linear series, with raised 

 margins, and more or less membranous in front. Membranipora Blainv.; 

 Electra Lamx. ; Megapora Hincks ; Amphiblestrum Gray ; Biflustra d'Orb. ; 

 Foveolaria Busk. 



Fam. 12. Microporidae. Zooecia with the front wall wholly calcareous ; 

 margins elevated. Micropora Gray ; Steganoporella Smith ; Setosella Hincks ; 

 Vincularia Defrance ; Caleschara MacGillivray. 



Tribe C. ESCHAEINA. With calcareous cells, the aperture of which about 

 equals the operculum in size, no membranous area being left. 



Fam. 13. Bifaxariidae. Bifaxaria Busk ; Calymmophora Busk. 



Fam. 14. Tubucellariidae. Tubucellaria d'Orb. ; Siplionicytara Busk. 



Fam. 15. Onchoporidae. Onchopora Busk ; Onchoporella Busk. 



Fam. 16. Beteporidae. Zoarium calcareous, erect, fixed ; foliaceous and 

 fenestrate, unilaminar ; or reticulately or freely ramose in one plane. Zooecia 

 secund. Retepora Imperato ; Reteporella Busk ; Turritigera Busk. 



Fam. 17. Cribrilinidae. Zoarium adnate, forming an indefinite crust, or 

 erect. Zooecia with the front wall more or less fissured or traversed by radiating 

 furrows. Cribrilina Gray ; Membraniporella Smitt. 



Fam. 18. Microporellidae. Zoarium incrusting. Zooecia with a semi- 



