234 SUB-CLASS (AND ORDER) TELEOSTEI. 



Beryx Cuv., with large ctenoid scales, air-bladder with duct, deep-sea, 

 is found fossil in the chalk ; Polymixia, Aphredoderus, Plectromus, Scope- 

 logadus, Anoplogaster , Caulolepis, Trachichthys, Gephyroberyx, Myripristis, 

 Holocentrum. 



Fam. 63. Monocentridae with Monocentris. 



Fam. 64. Pempheridae, Pempheris, air-bladder divided into an 

 anterior and posterior portion ; Bathyclupea Alcock, with pneumatic 

 duct. 



Fam. 65. Cyphosidae. Pacific and Indian Oceans. Cyphosus Lac. 

 (Pimelepterus Lac.), Hermosilla, Sectator. 



Fam. 66. Lobotidae. Medialuna, Lobotes, very wide range. 



Fam. 67. Centrarchidae. Sun-fishes, f. w. of N. Amer., most build 

 nests, valued as food. Pomoxis, Centrarchus, Acantharchus, Ambloplites, 

 Archoplites, Chaenobryttus, Enneacanthus, Mesogonistius, Apomotis, 

 Lepomis, Eupomotis, Micropterus Lac. (Euro C. and V.), black bass, 

 acclimatised in Eur., Elassoma, Kuhlia. 



Fam. 68. Toxotidae. Toxotes Cuv., f . w. and coasts of E. Indies and 

 Australia, has the habit of throwing a drop of water at an insect near 

 the surface to make it fall in. 



Fam. 69. Nandidae. Small carnivorous fresh-water fish from W. Afr., 

 S.-E. Asia and S. Amer. Nandus. 



Fam. 70. Percidae. No sub-ocular lamina of the suborbitals ; ento- 

 pterygoid present ; anterior vertebrae without transverse processes 

 all or most of the ribs inserted on to the transverse processes ; two nostrils 

 on each side ; gill membranes free from the isthmus ; 6-8 branchiostegals ; 

 gills 4, a slit behind the 4th ; pseudobranch variously developed, rarely 

 absent ; pharyngeal bones separate ; soft portion of dorsal fin not much 

 more developed than anal ; latter with 1 or 2 spines. F. w. fishes of 

 temp. N. hemisphere. Perca Art. Eur. C. and N. Asia, E.N. Amer. ; 

 P. fluviatilis Rond., the perch. Lucioperca Cuv., pike-perches ; Percina 

 (Pileoma) ; Etheostoma Raf., darters, N. Amer., E. of Rockies : also 

 from E. of N. Amer. are Boleosoma, Ulocentra, Diplesium, Ammocrypta, 

 Crystallaria ; Aspro C. and V. (Zingel), Cent. Eur. ; Percarina Nord., 

 rivers discharging into Black Sea and Sea of Axov ; Acerina, Eur. and N. 

 Asia, A. ccrnua L., the pope. 



Fam. 71. Cheilodipteridae. Cardinal-fishes ; small fishes of the tropics, 

 abundant in the E. Ind., some f. w., some mar. ; colour often bright 

 red. Ambassis Commers., the smallest Percoids, some not much more 

 than 1 in., trop. Indo-Pac. and f . w. of that area. Apogon Lac., coral-fishes, 

 on or near coral reefs, a few enter f. w. ; Apogonichthys, Chilodiptems, 

 Acropoma, Scorribrops, Glossamia, Epigonus, Amiichthys, Hypoclydonia ; 

 Pomatomus Risso, Med. and Atl. deep-water. 



Fam. 72. Serranidae. Sea-bass. Second sub-orbital with an internal 

 lamina supporting the globe of the eye ; entopterygoid present. Anterior 

 vertebrae without transverse processes ; all or most of the ribs inserted 

 on the transverse processes where these are developed. Two nostrils on 

 each side ; 6 or 7 branchiostegals ; anterior vertebrae, ribs, gill mem- 

 branes, nostrils, gills, pseudobranch, pharyngeal bones (except 

 Centrogenys, in which they are united), dorsal fin as in Percidae. Carni- 

 vorous fish, chiefly mar., found in all warm seas and some in f. w. 

 One of the largest families of fishes, about 550 species ; Percichthys Gir. 

 f. w. of Chili, W. Argentina, Patagonia; Percilia Gir., f. w., Chili; 

 Lateolabrax Bleek, and Niphon C. and V., coasts China and Japan ; 



