238 SUB-CLASS (AND ORDER) TELEOSTEI. 



Centrolabrua Gthr. ; C. exoletus L., rock-cook ; Coris Lac., C. Julia Gthr., 

 rainbow wrasse. Other genera are 



Tautoga Julis Duymaeria 



Lachnolaemus Pseudodax Cirrhilabrus 



Malacopterus Choerops Doratonotus 



Cossyphus (Harpe) Xiphochilus Pseudochilinus 



Chilinus Semicossyphus Hemigymnus 



Epibulus Trochocopus Gomphosus 



Anampses Decodon Cheilio 



Platyglossus Pteragogus Cymolutes 



Iridio Clepticus Chlorichthys 



Halichoeres Labrichthys Xyrichthys 



Novacula Labroides Miistius. 



Odax ; Coridodax Gthr. ; C. pullux, butter or kelp-fish of N. Zealand ; 

 Olistherops, S'iphonognathus. 



Fam. 93. Scaridae. Parrot-wrasses, close to preceding. Jaws form- 

 ing a sharp beak, the teeth being soldered together ; herbivorous fishes 

 especially abundant among coral reefs. Scarus Forsk., S. cretensis L., 

 Med., much esteemed as food by the Ancients ; Scarichthys, Cryptotomus 

 (Callyodon), Pseudoscarus, Calotomus, Sparisoma. 



Tribe 2. SCOMBRIFORMES, Mackerel-like fishes. 



No bony stay for preoperculum. Spinous dorsal if distinct formed of 

 short or feeble slender spines. Pectoral arch similar to Perciformes, but 

 somactids more abbreviated. Pelvics thoracic ; caudal, if well developed, 

 with numerous rays deeply forked at the base. This tribe is not capable 

 of exact definition. It includes marine fishes, with few exceptions. 



Fam. 94. Scombridae. Mackerels. Fusiform, naked or with small 

 scales, eyes lateral, dentition well developed, two dorsal fins, generally 

 finlets ; pel vies thoracic with 1 spine and 5 rays ; more than 10 

 abdominal, never more than 14 caudal vertebrae ; pseudobranch 

 large ; air-bladder small or absent ; most pelagic, valued as food, and 

 widespread ; their muscles receive a greater supply of blood and nerves 

 than in other fishes, and are of a red colour, and their temperature is several 

 degrees higher than in other fishes ; spawn in the open sea. Extinct 

 forms in the Eocene and Miocene. Scomber L., S. scomber L., the com- 

 mon mackerel without air-bladder ; S. pneumatophorus with air-bladder ; 

 Auxis C. et V. ; A. rochei Gthr. ; Thynmis Cuv. (Thunnus) (Orcynus 

 Liitken), Th. thynnus, the tunny, one of the largest fishes, to 10 ft. ; 

 Th. pelamys, the bonito, pursues flying fish ; some of the other species 

 (? separate genus Germo Jordan) are provided with very long pectoral 

 fins and are called by sailors " albacore." Pelamys C. et V. (Sarda 

 Cuv.), P. sarda C. and V. ; Cybium Cuv. (Scomberomorus Lac.). Acan- 

 thocybium Gill; Rhachicentron Kaup (Elacate C. et V.) may be placed 

 here. 



Fam. 95. Gempylidae. Fishes of the high seas, widespread, descending 

 to considerable depths, usually breeding about rocky islands, most 

 used as food. Bipinnula J. and E., Ruvettus Cocco, Epinnula Poey, 

 Nealotus Johns., Gempylus C. et V. 



Fam. 96. Lepidopidae. Transitional between muscular mackerel- 



