ACANTHOPTERYGII. 243 



bladder by muscles. Trigla Art., Gurnards, with British species, T. pini, 

 red gurnard ; T. lineata, streaked gurnard ; T. hirundo, sapphirine gur- 

 nard ; T. cuculus Bloch's gurnard ; T. lyra, the piper ; T. obscura, the 

 long-firmed. Prionotus Lac., all but one American. 



Fam. 112. Peristediidae, Deep-sea gurnards. Peristedion Lac. (Peri- 

 stethus Kaup) ; Vulsiculus. 



Fam. 113. Cephalacanthidae. Flying gurnards, with large pectorals, 

 are able to move in the air, but for a shorter distance than the flying fish. 

 Cephalacanthus Lac. (Dactylopterus Lac.). 



Tribe 8. JUGULARES (BLENNIIFORMES). 



Pelvics jugular ; gill-openings in front of the pectoral fin, the base of 

 which is vertical or subvertical. 



Fam. 114. Trachinidae. Elongated, naked or covered with scales ; 

 teeth small ; one or two dorsals ; the spinous portion always shorter than 

 the soft ; the anal like the soft dorsal ; no finlets ; pelvics with 1 spine 

 and 5 rays ; carnivorous coast fishes of small size, world-wide, bottom 

 fishes in small depths, except Bathydraco. 



FIG. 128. Zoarces viviparus. A anus ; V urinogenital opening (from Claus). 



Uranoscopina, Star-gazers. Eyes on upper surface of head 

 Uranoscopus, Leptoscopus, Agnus (Astroscopus), Kathetostoma, Anema. 

 Dactyloscopus, Gillellus, Dactylagnus, Myxodagnus. 



Trachinina. Eyes more or less lateral. Trachinus Cuv., weevers ; 

 the mucus is poisonous, and they inflict poisonous wounds with 

 their spines, they lurk in the sands, and are a caution to bathers. 

 T. draco and T. vipera are British. Champsodon, Bovichthys, Bathy- 

 draco, Chaenichthys , Aphritis, Acanthaphritis, Eleginus C. and V., 

 Bembrops, Chimarrhichthys, Cottoperca, Percophis. 



Nototheniina. Lateral line interrupted ; dorsal fin of two por- 

 tions, Antarctic. Notothenia, Harpagifer. 



Fam. 115. Trichonotidae. Trichonotus, Hemerocoetes. 

 Fam. 116. Gobiesocidae. Suckers. Body rather elongate, tadpole- 

 shaped, with smooth scaleless skin ; breast with a broad sucking disc 

 between the wide set pelvic fins ; no spinous dorsal ; no sub-orbital ring 

 or air-bladder ; gills 3 ; marine fishes, living chiefly among loose stones 

 between tide-marks. Lepadogaster Gouan ; L. gouanii Lac. ; L. decan- 

 dolii Risso ; L. bitnaculatus Flem. ; Leptopterygius, Chorisochismus, 

 Cotylis, Gobiesox, Diplocrepis, Crepidogaster, Trachelochismus, Caularchus, 

 Bryssetaeres, Rimicola, Arbaciosa. 



Fam. 117. Blenniidae, Blennies. Lateral line various, often want- 

 ing, often duplicated ; teeth various ; pelvics jugular or sub-thoracic, 

 with 1 spine and 1 to 3 soft rays, often absent ; pseudobranch 



