304 



CLASS AMPHIBIA. 



Fam. Coeciliidae, with the characters of the order. The genera may 

 be grouped as follows : 



I. Cycloid scales imbedded in the skin. 



A. Eyes distinct or concealed under the skin. 



1. Two series of teeth in the lower jaw. 



a. Jugal (squamosal) and parietal in contact. Ichthyophis 

 Fitz., India, Ceylon and Malay Arch. ; Dermophis Peters, 

 Amer. and Afr. ; Hypogeophis Peters, E. Afr. and Seychelles ; 

 Coecilia L., Amer. 



6. Jugal separated from parietal. Rhinatrema Dam. and 

 Bibr., Amer. ; Geotry petes Peters, W. Afr. ; Uraeotyphlus 

 Peters, W. Afr. and India. 



2. One series of teeth in lower jaw, Cryplopsophis Boul., Sey- 

 chelles. 



B. Eyes below the cranial bones, jugal in contact with parietal. 

 Herpele Peters, Panama and Gaboon ; Gymnopis Peters, S. Amer. 



II. Scales absent. 



A. Eyes distinct or concealed beneath the skin. 



1. Two series of teeth in the lower jaw. Typhlonectes Peters, 

 Amer. ; Chthonerpeton Peters, Amer. 



2. One row of teeth in lower jaw. Siphonops Wagl., Amer ; 

 Bdellophis Boul., E. Afr. 



B. Eyes below the cranial bones. 



1. Two rows of teeth in lower jaw, Gegenophis Peters, India. 



2. One series of teeth in lower jaw, Scolecomorphus, E. Afr. 



Order 2. UBODELA.* CAUDATA. 



Scaleless Amphibia with a well developed tail, usually with two 

 pairs of limbs, with or without external gills and gill-slits in the 

 adult. 



The vertebrae are opisthocoelous or amphicoelous even in 

 closely allied forms. The eyes are small, sometimes functionless, 

 and without lids except in the Salamandridae. A tympanic 

 membrane and tympanic cavity are not developed. They are 

 usually oviparous, rarely viviparous. Fertilisation is generally 

 internal, sperm transference being effected by application of the 

 swollen lips of the cloacas, or a spermatophore is deposited in 

 the water and sucked up by the cloaca of the female. The 

 sperm is often stored in the seminal receptacles of the female 



* Laurenti, Synopsis Eeptilium emendata Wien, 1768. Daudin, Hist- 

 nat. gen. et part, des Reptiles, Paris 1802-4. Tschudi "Class, der Batra- 

 chier," Mem. Soc. Scien. nat. Neuchdtel, 2, 1839. Dumeril, " Obs. sur la 

 reproduction dans la Menagerie des Reptiles du Mus. d'hist. nat. des 

 Axolotls," Nouvelles Arch, du Mus. d'hist. nat. de Paris, 1860. Boulenger, 

 Gadow, op. cit. A. Strauch, " Revision d. Salamandridengattungen," 

 Petersburg, 1870. Vaillant, Mem. pour servir a 1'hist. anat. de la Sirene 

 lacertine, Ann. Sc. Nat. (4), 19, 1863. 



