CARIXATAE. 



461 



Tribe 4. PROCELLARIIFORMES (TUBINARES). Petrels. 



Ocean forms with great powers of flight, with webbed feet (palmate) 

 and hallux absent or reduced to a stump. Horny sheath of the^upper and 

 lower beaks composed of several pieces ; skull schizognathous ; nostrils 

 tubular. They usually select rocky and precipitous coasts for their 

 breeding places. The female lays one egg and takes turn with the male 

 in incubation. The young are nurtured for a long period. Cosmopolitan. 



Fam. Proeellariidae. With the characters of the tribe. About 100 

 species, more numerous in the S. hemisphere. Procellaria pelagica,"L., 

 storm petrel or Mother Carey's chicken, Atlantic ; Diomedea exulans L., 

 wandering albatross, S. ocean ; Puffl- 

 nus Briss., Shearwater ; Daption 

 Steph., Cape pigeon ; Fulmarus glaci- 

 alisL., fulmar petrel ; Oceanites, Prion. 



Tribe 5. CICONIIFORMES. 



Aquatic or marsh birds with wading 



feet. The vomer is complete, the 



palate desmognathous, without basi- 



pterygoid processes. 



Fam. Steganopodidae. Large swim- 

 ming birds with well - developed, 



often long and pointed, wings, and all 



the four toes united by a web. The 



newly-hatched young are blind and 



helpless and visually naked ; known 



fossil since the Eocene. Phaethon L., 



tropic - bird, boatswain bird. Sula 



Briss., gannets and boobies, with sub- 

 cutaneous extensions of the air-sacs, 



cosmopolitan except in the cold zones ; 



S. bassana L., Solan goose. Pha- 

 lacrocorax Briss., cormorants and 

 shags ; with many species (especially 

 inNew Zealand) cosmopolitan. Plotus 

 L., Australia, Indo-Malaya, Afr., C. 

 and S. Amer. ; P. anhinga, the snake- 

 bird or darter. Fregata Cuv. (Tacy- 



petes Vieill.), frigate-bird, tropical. Pelecanus L., pelicans, cosmopolitan 

 except in cold zone. 



Fam. Ardeidae. Herons, bitterns. Wading birds with long legs and 

 neck ; aquintocubital, with aftershaft ; the young are long helpless. 

 Ardea L., herons ; Botaurus Steph., bitterns ; Nycticorax Steph., night- 

 heron ; Balaeniceps Gould, shoebill ; Scopus Briss., hammerhead. 



Fam. Ciconiidae. Storks and ibis. The syrinx is without muscles ; 

 fossil from the Oligocene. Ciconia L., storks ; C. alba L., Eur. to C. Afr. 

 Asia. Leptoptilus Less., L. crumenifer, marabou stork, Afr. ; L. dubius 

 the adjutant, India. Tantalus, Abdimia, Mycteria, Eudocimus ruber 

 Vieill., the scarlet ibis of C. Amer. ; Ibis religiosa Cuv., the sacred ibis of 

 the Egyptians. Platalea leucorodia L., spoonbill. 



Fam. Phoenieopteridae. Flamingos. With long legs and necks, beak 



FIG. 252. Aptenodytes patagonica (from 

 Brehm). 



