548 EDENTATA. 



lumbars fused with sacrum ; the atlas is free ; the last cervical is separate 

 from the preceding and united with the dorsal, forming a peculiar joint 

 allowing of the retraction of the head. Tertiaries and Pleistocene of 

 Amer. as far as Mexico and Texas. Glyptodon Ow., 16-17 feet, ptery- 

 goids enter into formation of bony palate, manus with 5, pes with 4 digits ; 

 metatarsals as broad as long, several species, Pliocene of S. Amer., Plio- 

 cene and Pleistocene of Mexico, Texas and Florida. Palaeopeltis Am., 

 U. Cretaceous, Patagonia ; Propalaeoplophorus Am., about 2 feet, with 

 premolars and molars and probably an incisor, dorsal vertebrae not 

 fused ; Eocene, Patagonia ; Palaehoplophorus Am., Oligocene of Pata- 

 gonia ; Plohophorus, Miocene, Patagonia ; Hoplophorus Lund., medium 

 size, Pleistocene, Argentina and Brazil ; Panochtus Burm., very large 

 forms, manus and pes 5-toed, Pliocene and Miocene, Argentina ; Doedi- 

 curus Burm., manus with 3, pes with 4 digits, about 12 feet, Pliocene 

 and Pleistocene. Peltephilus Am., U. Cretaceous and Eocene of Pata- 

 gonia ; intermediate between Glyptodontidae and armadillos ; the glenoid 

 part of the squamosal separated by suture from the rest (? quadrate) ; 

 plates of carapace moveable ; pterygoids enter hard palate ; teeth in the 

 anterior part of the jaws. 



Nomarthra (Effodientia). 



The vertebrae are without accessory articulations ; the ischia 

 are not united to the sacrum. The testes lie in the inguinal 

 canal, the penis is external ; the uterus is two-horned, the 

 vagina undivided, and the placenta diffuse or broadly zonary. 

 They are confined to the Oriental and Ethiopian regions with 

 fossil remains in Europe. It is extremely doubtful whether 

 the two Old-World families which constitute this group are 

 specially allied either to each other or to the New- World 

 forms. 



Fam. 1. Manidae.* Pangolins. Edentulous, covered with large 

 overlapping epidermal scales which can be erected, and with hairs between 

 the scales. The tongue is long and extensile and there are large sub- 

 maxillary glands. The limbs are short and carry 5 digits. They walk 

 on the dorsal surfaces of the long claws of their fore-feet and on the soles 

 of the pes. Skull smooth, without distinction between orbit and tem- 

 poral fossa ; zygoma usually incomplete ; pterygoids elongated but not 

 contributing to palate, tympanic bones bullate and united to surrounding 

 bones, mandible without coronoid process, with flat condyle. Without 

 clavicle ; xiphoid process of sternum produced into long processes reaching 

 as far back as the pelvis. Femur without third trochanter. Stomach 

 with thick lining and muscular walls, and a large gland. Caecum absent. 

 Testes inguinal, penis well developed, placenta diffuse. Terrestrial 

 and burrowing animals one to five feet in length, can roll themselves into 

 a ball, and some of them can climb. They feed mainly on termites. 



* Jentink, Revision of the Manidae in the Leyden Museum, Notes 

 Ley den Museum, 4, 1882, p. 193. Matschie, Die nattirl. Verwandschaft 

 etc. der Manisarten, S.-B. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin, 1894, p. 1. 



