INSECTIVORA. CHIROPTERA. 641 



casses ; tympanic annular. Upper molars tritubercular. Penis pendent 

 and retractile within the fold of integument surrounding the anus. In 

 the female the urinogenital organs and anus open together. The testes 

 are near the kidneys. Caecum absent. Madagascar. Centetes 111., 1 sp. 

 C. ecaudatus, the terirec, 12-16 in. in length without a tail. Hemicentetes 

 Miv, Ericulus I. Geoff. Microgale Thos. Oryzoryctes Grandidier. 



Fam. 10. Chrysochloridae. Without postorbital process, with zygo- 

 matic arch and tympanic bulla, with stout fossorial fore-limbs, without 

 symphysis pubis. The eyes are covered with skin and the ears without 

 pinnae. Mammae thoracic and inguinal. Dentition i |- c \ p f m f ,f 

 upper molars tritubercular. Generative organs as in Centetidae. S. 

 Africa. Chrysochloris Lac., Cape golden moles, 7 or 8 sp. 



Fam. 11. Galeopithecidae.* The single genus, Galeopithecus Pall., 

 of this family has been placed amongst the bats and amongst the primates. 

 It is now, however, generally regarded as an aberrant insectivore.f The 

 essential peculiarity of the genus is the possession of a parachute -like 

 flying membrane, the patagium, which enables its purely arboreal pos- 

 sessor to float from tree to tree in the forests which it inhabits. The 

 patagium is a muscular membrane, extending between the neck and the 

 fore-limbs, between the fore- and hind-limbs, and between the hind-limbs 

 and the tail. It is covered with hair on both sides, and, though it ex- 

 tends as a kind of web between the digits of both manus and pes, the 

 fingers are not elongated, as they are in the bats, to support the anterior 

 part of it. The dentition ist0^-pm; the upper and lower 

 incisors are compressed and multicuspidate, the lower pectinated, and 

 the second upper incisor and the canines of both jaws have two roots. 

 The orbit is nearly enclosed by bone, the posterior margin of the palate 

 is thickened, the tympanic forms a bulla, and the postglenoid process of 

 the squamosal unites with the mastoid beneath the external auditory 

 meatus. The fore-limbs are slightly larger than the hind-limbs, and 

 there are five clawed fingers and toes. There is a large sacculated caecum, 

 and the large intestine is longer than the small. There are two pairs of 

 axillary mammae, the penis is pendent, and the testes descend into in- 

 guinal pouches. The optic lobes are uncovered and the upper surface 

 of the cerebrum is marked by two longitudinal furrows on each side. 

 Galeopithecus differs entirely from the bats in the structure of the fore- 

 limb, and in the position of the hind-limb. It resembles the insectivores 

 in the structure of the skull, in the double-rooted canines (found also in 

 Erinaceus and Talpa). There are two species, which inhabit the forests 

 of Malayasia and the Philippine Islands. They are nocturnal, phyto- 

 phagous animals, and when at rest hang by their posterior limbs with 

 the head downwards, after the manner of bats. 



Order 20. CHIROPTERA.! 



Flying mammals with the fore-limbs specially modified for flight. 

 With one (or two) pairs of thoracic, usually postaxillary, mammae. 



* Leche, Ueber Galeopithecus, K. Svensk. Akad. Handl, 1886. 



f It is sometimes placed in a special sub-order of the Insectivora, the 

 Dermoptera, and opposed to the rest of the order which are termed Insec- 

 tivora vera. 



J G. E. Dobson, Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the British Museum, 

 1878. Id., New accessions to the Chiroptera ; Report of the British Associa- 



Z II. T T 



