646 CHIROPTERA. 



vorous Megachiroptera the molar teeth are longer than broad and their 

 crowns are traversed by a longitudinal groove. In the milk dentition 

 the teeth have pointed recurved cusps which assist the young to secure 

 a firm hold of the nipple of the mother during flight. They are shed 

 early. 



Tribe 1. MEGACHIROPTERA. 



Frugivorous bats, generally of large size. Crowns of the molar teeth 

 smooth, marked with a longitudinal furrow ; bony palate continued 

 behind the last molar, narrowing slowly backwards ; second finger gener- 

 ally terminating in a claw ; sides of the pinna forming a complete ring 

 at the base ; pyloric extremity of the stomach elongated. The tail is 

 short or absent, when present it is partly in the interfemoral membrane, 

 except in Epomophorus, in which it is free from this structure. Tropical 

 and sub-tropical regions of the Old World. 



Fam. Pteropidae. With the characters of the tribe. Epomophorus 

 Bennett, 10 sp., Ethiopian except Madagascar. Pteropus Briss., flying 

 foxes, the largest known bats, with long pointed muzzle, without tail, 

 i^c^p^m f, about 50 sp., Madagascar and Mascarene Islands, Oriental 

 region, S. Japan, Australia and Polynesia (except Sandwich Islands, 

 Ellice's group, Gilbert's group, Tokelau, Low Arch., and N. Zealand) ; 

 P. edulis measures 5 feet across on the wing with a body-length of 12 

 inches. Pteralopex Thos., 1 sp., Solomon Islands. Cynonycteris Ptrs., 10 

 sp., Ethiop. and Orient. Boneia Jent., 2 sp., Malay Arch. Harpyonicteris 

 Thos.. 1 sp., Philippines. CynopterusF. Cuv., 11 sp., Oriental. Scotonyc- 

 teris Matschie, 1 sp., Cameroons. Harpyia 111., with external nostrils 

 prolonged as tubes, i ^ c \ p|wf, 2 sp., Austro-Malaya. Cephalotes 

 E. Geoff., 2 sp., Austro-Malaya. Hypsignathus Allen, 1 sp., Afr. Lei- 

 ponyx Jent., 1 sp., Afr. Eonycteris Dob., 1 sp., Burmah. Megaloglossus 

 Pag., 1 sp., Afr. Macroglossus F. Cuv., 3 sp., Oriental and Polynesia. 

 Melonycteris Dob., 1 sp., New Ireland. Callinycteris Jent., 1 sp., Celebes. 

 Netonycteris Thos., 1 sp., Solomon Is. Notopteris Gray, 1 sp., Fiji, New 

 Guinea. 



Tribe 2. MICROCHIROPTERA. 



Mainly insectivorous bats of small size. Crowns of the molar teeth 

 acutely tubercular, marked by transverse furrows ; bony palate narrow- 

 ing abruptly, not continued laterally behind the last molar ; second 

 finger not terminated by a claw and usually with one small phalanx 

 only ; outer and inner sides of the pinna commencing anteriorly from 

 separate points of origin ; stomach simple or with the cardiac extremity 

 more 'or less elongated. Tropical and temperate regions of both 

 hemispheres. 



Fam. Rhinolophidae. With well developed foliaceous cutaneous 

 appendages surrounding the nasal apertures, which are placed in a depres- 

 sion on the upper surface of the muzzle ; with large, generally separated 

 ears, without a tragus ; first finger without phalanx, middle finger with 

 two phalanges ; with rudimentary premaxillae suspended from the nasal 

 cartilages, i \ c \ p f i m ~ ; the upper incisors are rudimentary, 

 the molars have acute W-shaped cusps. They possess complicated nasal 

 appendages, supported by the nasal bones which are much expanded. 

 Females with 2 nipple-shaped appendages in front of the pubis. Tail 

 distinct, reaching to the posterior margin of the interfemoral membrane. 



