CHIROPTERA. 647 



They are the most highly organised of insectivorous bats. Temperate 

 and tropical parts of the Old World (not found in Polynesia). Rhino- 

 lophus E. Geoffr., with complicated nose-leaf, and ear with large anti 

 tragus, wings large, i * c y p f m 5 ; more than 20 sp. R. hippo- 

 siderus, the lesser horseshoe bat, Eur., South of England and Ireland ; R. 

 ferrum-equinum, the greater horse-shoe bat, England to Japan and Cape 

 of Good Hope. Triaenops Dob., with very remarkable nasal appendage 

 and ears, Persia, Afr., Madagascar, 3 sp. Rhinonycteris Gray, 1 sp., Aus- 

 tralia. Phyllorhina Bonap. 1831 (Hipposiderus Gray, 1834), i \ c \ 

 p f m f , 25 sp., trop. and sub-trop. parts of Asia, Malayasia, Australia 

 and Afr. Anthops Thos., 1 sp., Solomon Is. Coelops Blyth, 1 sp., 

 India. 



Fam. Nycteridae. With distinct cutaneous appendages on the margins 

 of the apertures of the nostrils, with large united ears with well-developed 

 tragi ; the premaxillae are cartilaginous or small ; upper incisors 

 absent or small in the centre of the space between the canines ; Ethiopian, 

 Oriental. Megaderma E. Geoff., 2 sp. Asia, 2 sp. Afr., 1 sp. Australia ; 

 M. lyra, eat frogs and probably small mammals, India. Nycteris E. 

 Geoff., Afr. 6 sp., Java 1 sp. 



Fam. Vespertilionidae. Simple terminal nostrils without cutaneous 

 appendages, ear with tragus, middle finger with 2 phalanges, with a long 

 tail contained and produced to the hinder margin of the large interfemoral 

 membrane ; i f r r i c -}- p |'| m f , molars with W-shaped cusps, 

 upper incisors separated by a wide space and placed near the canines ; 

 10 genera, and over 190 sp., in all temp, and trop. regions. Anlrozous 

 Allen, 1 sp., California. Nyctophilus Leach, 3 sp., Australasia. Synolus 

 Keys, and Bias., f C ^ p f m f , 2 sp.,S. barbastellus, the barbastelle, 

 Britain, Eur., and a Himalayan sp. Plecotus E. Geoff., i%cp%m%; 

 3 sp., 2 of which are N. American ; P. auritus, the long-eared bat of this 

 country, ranging to India. Euderma Allen, 1 sp., California. Oto- 

 nycteris Ptrs., 1 sp. Africa and Asia. Vespemgo Keys, and Bias., 

 i - r - c y p |Ji m ^, cosmopolitan, over 70 species, includes the 

 common bats of most countries ; the British species are V. serotinus, 

 the serotine bat ; V. noctula ; V. leisleri and V. pipistrellus, the pipis- 

 trelle. Chalinolobus Ptrs., 8 sp., Australian and Ethiopian. Scotophilus 

 Leach, 12 sp., Ethiop., Orient, and Austr. Regions. Nycticejus Baf., 

 1 sp., Amer. Atalapha Raf., 9 sp., Amer., Sandwich and Galapagos 

 Islands. Harpiocephalus Gray, 1 sp. Japan, 8 sp. from the Himalayas 

 to the Malay Arch. Vespertilio Keys, and Bias., i f c \ p f m f, 

 cosmopolitan, 50 sp., 4 of which are British ; V. bechsteini, Bechstein's 

 bat ; V. nattereri, the reddish-grey bat ; V. daubentoni, Daubenton's 

 bat ; V. mystacinus, the whiskered bat. Kerivoula Gray, 15 sp., Oriental, 

 Ethiopian. Thryoptera Spix., 2 sp., S. Amer. Myxopoda A. M.-Edw., 

 1 sp., Madagascar. The last two genera have hollow suctorial organs 

 on the base of the pollex and on the soles of the feet. Miniopterus Bon., 

 throughout the Eastern Hemisphere, 5 sp. 



Fam. Emballonuridae. With truncated muzzle; without nose -leaf, 

 with generally large, often united, ears ; with short, sometimes minute 

 tragi ; the tail is partially free, either perforating the interfemoral mem- 

 brane and appearing upon its upper surface or produced far beyond its 

 posterior margin ; the first phalanx of the middle finger is folded in 

 repose toward the upper surface of the metacarpal bone ; dentition 

 variable. Tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. 



