652 PROSIMIAE. 



the lower canine and incisors are proclivous ; upper incisors some- 

 times absent or only one pair. With long tails ; toes of pes not 

 webbed ; tarsus only slightly elongated. Caecum moderate. Con- 

 fined to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Lemur L., face elon- 

 gated, large ears, long tail, two pectoral mammae, upper incisors 

 separated from each other and the canine ; omnivorous, they carry 

 their young ; 8-15 species. L. catta, the ring- tailed lemur, less 

 arboreal than other lemurs, often living among rocks and bushes. 

 Hapalemur Gray, upper incisors very small, with 4 mammae, 2 sp. 

 Lepidolemur Geoff r., upper incisors absent or reduced, 7 sp. Mixo- 

 cebus Pet., upper incisors one pair, 1 sp. 



Sub-fam. 3. Galaginae. Dentition as in last ; the calcaneum 

 and navicular are elongated, with large ears, long tail ; with 4 mam- 

 mae, 2 pectoral and 2 abdominal ; Madagascar and Africa. Chiroyale 

 Geoffr., last upper premolar small, with only one external cusp, 

 Madagascar, 4 sp. Otolemur, Madagascar, 2 sp. ; both these genera 

 sleep during the dry season, consuming fat which has been deposited 

 at the root of the tail. Galago Geoffr., last upper premolar with 

 two external cusps, nearly as large as m 1, Africa, 6 sp. Microcebus 

 the smallest of lemurs, Madagascar. 



Sub-fam. 4. Lorisinae. Slow lemurs ; nocturnal, sluggish, with 

 rounded head, large eyes, short ears, omnivorous. Dentition as in 

 Lemurinae ; digit No. 2 of the manus reduced and nailless ; limbs 

 nearly equal in length ; tarsus not elongated ; hallux directed back- 

 wards ; tail reduced ; two pectoral mammae ; the arteries of the 

 limbs form retia mirabilia as in sloths ; African Continent and Ori- 

 ental region. Nycticebus Geoffr. , digit No. 2 of the manus small but 

 complete, first upper incisor larger than the second, which often 

 falls out early, no tail, 1 sp., Oriental region ; A T . tardigradus. Loris 

 Geoffr., manus as in last, upper incisors small and equal, no tail, 

 slender body and limbs, 1 sp., Oriental. Perodicticus Bennett, digit 

 No. 2 of manus as a tubercle without nail, tail short, 1 sp., P. potto, 

 Africa. Arctocebus Gray, manus as in last, 1 sp., Old Calabar. 

 Megaladnpis F. Maj. (Phil. Trans. 1894) is a recently extinct gigantic 

 lemur from the Pleistocene of Madagascar, about 4 times the size of a 

 cat. 



Fam. 2. Tarsiidae.* With large eyes and ears, long thin tail tufted 

 at the end, very long tarsus, fingers and toes ending in flattened discs, 

 feeds on insects and lizards, arboreal ; i \ c ^ p f > f ; inner upper 

 incisor large and in contact with its fellow ; molars with numerous pointed 

 cusps ; lower canine upright and diverging from the incisor. Orbit 

 largely separated by a partition from the temporal fossa. Fibula united 

 below with tibia ; digits 2 and 3 of the pes w r ith claws ; other digits with 

 nails. Calcaneum and navicular much elongated. Colon short, not 

 folded. Placenta metadiscoidal, deciduate. Indo-Malaya Archipelago 

 and Phillipines, 1 sp., Tarsius spectrum. 



Fam. 3. Chiromyidae.t A squirrel-like animal with large ears, long 

 bushy tail, inguinal mammae, digit No. 3 of manus thin and long, all 

 digits with claws except the opposable thumb and hallux ; it appears to 



* Tarsius is included by Hubrecht among the Primates, on account 

 of its placenta (Gegenbaur's Festschrift, 2, 1896, p. 147). 

 f Oudemans, Verh. Ak. Amsterdam, 27, 1890. 



