THE PARIS AWARD. 233 



urged by it, and that " tbey were solicitous that this subordinate question should not 

 iutenu])t or longer delay the submission and determination of the main (juestioiis,"' 

 the high eoutracting parties agreed that •• either of them might submit to the 

 arbitrators any question of fact involved in said claims and ask for a findiug thereon, 

 the question of the liability of either Government uj)0ii the facts found to be the subject 

 of further negotiation ; " 



And whereas the President of the United States of America named the Hon. John 

 M. Harlan, Justice of the Supreme Court of the I'uited States, and the Hon. John T. 

 Morgan, Senator of the United States, to be two of the said arbitrators; and Her 

 Britannic Majesty named the lliglit Hon. Lord Hannen and the Hon. Sir Johu 

 Thompson, minister of justice and attoriiey-genei'al for Canada, to be two of the said 

 arbitrators; and His Excellency the President of the French Republic named the Baron 

 de Courcel, senator, ambassador of France, to be one of tlie said arbitrators; and His 

 Majesty the King of Italy named the Manjuis Emilio N'isconti Veuosta, former minister 

 of foreign affairs and senator of the Kingdom of Italy, to be one of the said arbitrators; 

 and His Hajesty the King of Sweden and iN^orway named Mr. Gregers Giam, uunister 

 of state, to be one of the said arbitrators; 



And whereas we, the said arbitrators so named and appointed, having taken upon 

 ourselves the burden of the said arbitration, and having duly met at Paris, pioceeded 

 impartially and carefully to exaniiiie and decide all the (juestions submitted to us, the 

 said arbitrators, under the said treaty, or laid before us as provided in the said treaty 

 on the part of the Governments of Her Britannic Majesty and the United States, 

 resi>ectively; 



Now we, the said arbitrators, having impartially and carefully examined the said 

 (|uestions, do in like manner by this our award decide and determine the said ques- 

 tions in the manner following; that is to say, we decide and determine as to the five 

 points mentioned in Article VI as to which our award is to embrace a distinct decision 

 upon each of them : 



As to the lirst of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice 

 Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marcjuis Yisconti Venosta, and ]Mr. 

 Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine as 

 follows : 



By the ukase of 1821 Russia claimed jurisdiction in the .sea now known as Bering 

 Sea to the extent of 100 Italian miles from the coast and islands belonging to her; 

 but, in the course of the negotiations which led to the conclusion of the treaties of 

 1824 with the United States and of 182.3 with Great Britain, Russia admitted that her 

 jurisdiction in the said sea should be restricted to the reach of caiuion shot from 

 shore, and it apj^ears that from that time up to the time of the cession of Alaska to 

 the Ignited States Russia never asserted in fact or exercised any exclusive jurisdiction 

 in Bering Sea or any exclusive rights in the seal fisheries therein beyond the ordinary 

 limit of territorial waters. 



As to the second of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel. Mr. 

 Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Veuosta, and 

 Mr. (iregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine 

 that Great Britain did not recognize or concede any claim upon the part of Russia to 

 exclusive jurisdiction as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea outside of ordinary terri- 

 torial waters. 



