326 ANNOTATED LIST OF PERSONS 



Pharmacy and College of France. Member of the Institute. 

 Author of many books and papers. His "La synthese chimique" 

 passed through eight editions. For portraits see McClure's Maga- 

 zine, 1894, p. 305, and Pop. Sci. Monthly, May, 1885. 



Bertin, Pierre Augustin (1818-1884). French physicist. Student in 

 the Normal School. Professor in Strassburg. Professor in the 

 Normal School: master of conferences and sub-director. Friend 

 of Pasteur. For portrait see "Le Centenaire de 1'Ecole normale." 

 Paris, 1895, p. 400. 



Berzelius, John Jacob (1779-1848). Swedish physician and chemist. 

 Professor in Stockholm. Introduced symbolic notation, determined 

 atomic weights, developed the doctrine of valency. Studied and 

 developed electrolysis: in the decomposition of water showed that 

 hydrogen, metals and alkalies go to the negative pole, and oxygen 

 and acids to the positive pole of the battery. Discovered selenium 

 and cerium; showed calcium, barium, strontium, tantalium, silicium 

 and zirconium to be elements; investigated whole classes of com- 

 pounds. Author of many papers and books, including an annual 

 review of the progress of chemistry and mineralogy for 27 years. 

 One of the fathers of modern chemistry. For portrait see Harper's 

 Mag., 1897, vol. 95, p. 756. 



Biot, Jean-Baptiste (1774-1862). French physicist, mathematician and 

 astronomer. His chief contributions were in optics. Associate 

 of Gay-Lussac and Arago. A brave and just man. Very helpful 

 to the young Pasteur. For portraits see L'Art, 1876, p. 183, Art 

 and Letters, 1881, p. 187, and Harper's Mag., 1897, p. 49. 



Black, Joseph (1728-1799). Scotch chemist. Professor in Edinburgh. 

 Foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences. A forerunner 

 of Cavendish and Priestley. Studied alkalies and alkaline earths. 

 Discovered latent heat and "fixed air" (carbon dioxide). One 

 of the creators of modern chemistry. For portrait see Garrison, 

 p. 323. 



Blanchard, ISmile (1820-1900). French naturalist. Professor in the 

 National Agronomic Institute. President of the Academy of 

 Sciences in 1881. Wrote a natural history of insects, etc. 



Bloch, Gustave (1848 ). French historian. Professor in Besancon, 



Lyons and Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honor. French normal 

 school graduate. Eulogist of Duclaux. 



Bornet, Jean Baptiste Edouard (1828-1912). French algologist. Mem- 

 ber of the Academy of Sciences. Contributed much to our knowl- 

 edge of red algae and lichens. Collaborated for many years with 

 Thuret. For portraits see Wittrock I, Tan. 33, and Wittrock II, 

 Tafl. 83. 



