ANTHRAX, CHICKEN-CHOLERA, ROUGET 59 



did not hesitate to declare that this micro-organism 

 is the commonest cause of infection among women 

 after delivery. One day, in a discussion, at the 

 Academic de Medecine, on puerperal fever, one of 

 his most popular colleagues was holding forth 

 eloquently on the causes of epidemics in lying-in 

 hospitals. Pasteur, from his seat, interrupted him 

 Ce qui cause F epidemic, ce riest rien de tout cela : 

 cest le medecin et son personnel qui transportent le 

 microbe d'une femme malade a une femme saine. 

 And when the orator answered that he was very 

 much afraid that nobody could ever find that microbe, 

 Pasteur went straight to the blackboard, and drew 

 on it a chain of the micro-organism, saying, Tenez, 

 void sa figure." Roux, L'CEuvre Medicale de 

 Pasteur. Agenda du Chimiste, 1896, p. 528. 



That is how he fought, and beat, the doctors of 

 the old school : and, by that sort of work, he and 

 Lister created what we call modern surgery ; and 

 a vast amount of sorrow and sighing fled away, 

 and will never come back, Heaven be praised. It 

 was in 1878, that he drew the streptococcus on the 

 blackboard There, that's what it's like and the 

 words mark the end of the old order. For already, 

 in 1877, he had taken in hand that magnificent series 

 of researches which led up to the protective treat- 

 ment of sheep and cattle against anthrax. 



We in this country have not very much trouble 

 with anthrax (c/tarbon). But in France, and else- 

 where, forty years ago, it was a frightful scourge 

 of agriculture. There were districts where the 



