ANTHRAX, CHICKEN-CHOLERA, ROUGET 65 



non-virulence. With one of these attenuated 

 cultures, he could produce in fowls a mild attack 

 of the disease. The fowls, after that, were able to 

 withstand a culture at full virulence. The points 

 of likeness here are plain enough, between Jenner's 

 discovery, how to protect man against small-pox, 

 and Pasteur's discovery, how to protect poultry 

 against the cholera des poules.* But the points of 

 contrast are not less plain, between the isolated 

 victory over one disease, and the prospect of 

 victory over many diseases. 



From the attenuation of one virus, he went on 

 to the attenuation of another : from the cholera des 

 poules to anthrax. After many difficulties, he was 

 successful. In May, 1881, came the final demon- 

 stration of his method, near Melun, on the farm at 

 Pouilly-le-fort. The story has been told a thousand 

 times, and will bear telling to the end of time. He 

 took fifty sheep, in two lots of five and twenty each : 



* It was inevitable, that the words vaccine and vaccination 

 should be applied to this method of protective treatment, 

 even though vacca the cow had nothing to do with it. Pas- 

 teur himself, in his address to the International Medical 

 Congress in London, August 8, 1881, said, " J'ai donne a 

 Texprcssion de vaccination une extension que la science, je 

 Tespere, consacrera comme un hommage au merite et aux 

 immenses services rend us par un des plus grands hommes 

 de TAngleterre, votre Jenner. Quel bonheur pour moi de 

 glorifier ce nom immortal sur le sol meme de la noble et 

 hospitaliere cite de Londres." Trans. Int. Med. Congress, 

 1881, vol. i., p. 90. 



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