PASTEUR AND AFTER PASTEUR 



germs ; (2) to decide the relation between virulence 

 and immunising power ; (3) to standardise his 

 vaccine, and keep it steady at one degree of 

 strength, as a virus fixe. Writing in 1913, he 

 gives a summary of his work : 



" The problem was eventually solved by reverting 

 to the Vincenzi-Hiippe intraperitoneal injection and 

 working out, from that starting-point, a plan which 

 permitted the cultivation in animals of the germ of 

 cholera, in a state of purity, indefinitely, generation 

 upon generation ; the raising of it to a well-deter- 

 mined degree of virulence, sufficient for the pro- 

 tection of man ; and its maintenance at that level 

 for an unlimited period of time, with the same 

 certainty of result as obtains in the preparation of 

 small-pox vaccine lymph and of Pasteur's antirabic 



virus." 



His protective treatment was offered, in 1892, to 

 the Russian Government, to be used in provinces 

 then suffering from cholera: but the offer was 

 declined, because of adverse reports of Ferran's 

 method in Spain. At the end of 1893, having 

 tested his vaccines on himself and others, " some 

 sixty persons, mostly medical and scientific men 

 interested in the solution of the problem," and 

 found them harmless to health, Haffkine went to 

 India, with a letter of commendation from our 

 Government : 



" In the course of the years 1892 to 1895, I sub- 

 mitted to study the effects of the above-described 



