216 THE PEOPLE'S FARM AND STOCK CYCLOPEDIA. 



to raise the juice to one hundred and eighty degrees, then add 

 lime water or milk of lime until it will turn a red litmus paper 

 blue very promptly. We then know by this chemical test that 

 every particle of the acid in the juice is absorbed, and noth- 

 ing in it to prevent granulation of all the crystallizable portion 

 of the juice. 



We let the heat continue until the juice boils at two hun- 

 dred and twelve degrees, then shut off the steam, and by this 

 time there will be a very thick blanket scum all over the top of 

 the juice, which we immediately scrape off at one end of the pan, 

 made a little the lowest for that purpose. All heavy impurities 

 that are heavier than the juice will soon settle to the bottom of 

 the pan, and the clear juice can then be drawn out at the bot- 

 tom of the pan by means of a swing pipe, receiving the juice at 

 the top and lowering it steadily with the flow of juice clear 

 to the bottom, or as long as it will run off clear. When it be- 

 comes roily, and you get to the muddy sediment, remove that 

 to a deep vessel to settle, and afterwards save more clear juice. 

 The next pan or tank should be of larger capacity than the first, 

 because it may be necessary to have part of two batches in it at 

 once, and just enough lower so it can be drawn from the lime 

 pan easily. In this second pan the defecation is made com- 

 plete, and here comes the Stewart process, which is very simple, 

 and easy to perform. 



There would be a gummy substance surrounding all the lit- 

 tle sugar crystals if granulated direct from the lime pan, and it 

 is not possible when so made to separate the dry sugar from 

 the molasses in a centrifugal machine, and for this reason acci- 

 dental granulation of sugar in sorghum molasses has never been 

 of any account, because it could not be separated. You can not 

 free the juice from this gum and dark color, except by the 

 use of sulphur in some shape or by filtration of it when in 

 thin sirup through animal bone filterers. The latter is quite 

 expensive. 



Burning sulphur and allowing the fumes to pass through the 

 limed juice will soon accomplish the work and restore it to a 

 good color, but it is disagreeable to do the work in this way. 



