420 



THE PEOPLE'S FARM AND STOCK CYCLOPEDIA. 



With such a ladder as the above the fruit at the ends of the 

 branches can be easily reached. The braces which support this 



ladder are secured by a single 

 bolt to a piece of board firmly 

 bolted to the top of the ladder. 

 The ladder shown in Fig. 50 

 can be used as a step-ladder for 

 the low trees or branches, or 

 when open and turned hinge side 

 down, its length will be doubled, 

 strap hinges, such as are 

 used on gates will an- 

 swer the purpose. 



Fig. 51 shows a cheap 

 ladder which possesses 

 some advantages. If 

 made of light wood it is 



FIG. 50,-ooMBiNED STRAIGHT AND STEP-LADDER, easily raised, and can be 

 made to stand firmly by placing it in a small fork, where a 

 common two-sided ladder 

 would not go. If made of 

 free-splitting timber, a bolt 

 with washers should be used 

 at the upper part of the 

 split. 



It is often necessary to put 

 up a scarecrow of some kind 

 to protect the corn-fields or 

 poultry-yard, and we here il- 

 lustrate two. Fig. 52 is an 

 imitation crow made by stick- 

 ing feathers into a cork or 

 block of wood. The piece of 

 bright tin above serves to 

 help keep it in motion, and 

 by its reflection makes it more 

 effective. In Fig. 53 the tin is hung below and a pair of nails 



FlG - SL- 



LADDER. 



