CATTLE THE DAIRY. 865 



texture; contains no clots, or solid matters, and effects of con- 

 tamination from outside accidents, and the like. By immediate 

 separation after milking, rather than subject to the delay of 

 hours, the usual risks of "muggy" weather, thunder storms, 

 illy-constructed milk-rooms, etc., are avoided, and their ill effects 

 are not perpetuated in the butter, as is the case with any other 

 system of cream separation. The improvements that are con- 

 stantly being made in the centrifuge, and the great reduction 

 in price, is making them an article that may soon be found in 

 both private and patron factories. 



Noticeable Results. One thing is noticeable about the 

 results obtained by the centrifuge. It does not matter how 

 cleanly the process of milking may have been performed, it will 

 be found that after passing a couple of thousand pounds of milk 

 through the machine, a quantity of dark, dirty slime will collect 

 upon the inner walls of the cylinder, and most offensive to the 

 smell. As it can not be dirt or foreign substances, it is fair to 

 infer that in milk there is a certain amount of impurities which 

 might properly be termed " dead " matter, or excremental mat- 

 ter, from the lacteal glands a fact which would indicate the 

 extended keeping qualities of butter manufactured under the 

 centrifugal process. 



Associated Dairying. Associated or co-operative dairy- 

 ing, in the United States, has assumed such proportions that it 

 may be accepted as a fact, soon to be verified, that the system 

 will soon become general, and thus supersede the individual plan, 

 except in the case of milk-selling to the cities, and the supply- 

 ing of favorite customers who are willing to pay fancy prices 

 for an unquestioned article of butter. In the West, beyond a 

 line drawn north and south through Elgin, Illinois, the cream- 

 gathering system of butter-making is the general rule, and is 

 practiced with great success, from the fact that to the farmers 

 in that great beef and pork-producing territory, milk, to feed 

 live-stock, is worth more than it could possibly be if made into 

 cheese. East of that line, the joint production of butter and 

 cheese is more general, and the subject will, therefore, be given 

 separate description. 



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