APPENDIX. 



1223 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS. 



THE great quantity of sand in most 

 .soils, and its presence in all, have sug- 

 gested the propriety of classifying soils 

 according to the amount of sand they 

 contain, as follows : 



1. Pure clay, from which no sand can 

 be removed by washing. 



2. Strong day, when the soil contains 

 from 5 to 29 per cent of sand. 



3. Clay loam, when it contains from 20 

 to 40 per cent of sand. 



4. Loam, from 40 to 70 per cent of sand. 



5. Sandy loam, from 70 to 90 per cent 

 of sand. 



6. Light sand, more than 90 per cent 

 of sand. 



7. Calcareous (or marly) soils are those 

 which contain a large amount of calcium 

 carbonate. 



8. Peaty soils (vegetable mold) are 

 those showing a large percentage of or- 

 ganic matter. 



9. Heavy, the presence of a large 

 quantity of clay makes a soil sticky when 

 vet, and causes it to hold moisture a 

 long time; hence such soils are said to 

 "be heavy. A large quantity of sand gives 

 the opposite property that is, of not re- 

 taining moisture and hence these are 

 said to be light. 



The soil proper is the surface layer 

 down to where a change in the character 

 of the material takes place, generally 

 from six to ten inches, and beneath this 

 is the subsoil. 



COMPARISON OF THE MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 



One gallon or 4 quart wine measure 

 contains 231 cubic inches. 



One-half peck or 4 quart dry measure 

 contains 208 4-5 cubic inches. 



One gallon or 4 quart boor mensniro 

 contains 282 cubic inches. 



One bushel dry measure contains 

 2150J cubic inches. 



MEASUREMENTS OF CIRCLES. 



To Find the Diameter. Divide the 

 circumference by 3.1416, and the quotient 

 will be the diameter. 



To Find the Circumference. Multi- 

 ply the diameter (which is double the 

 radius) by 3.1416. 



To Find the Area. Multiply the 

 square of the diameter by the decimal 

 .7854; or multiply the square of the cir- 

 cumference by .07958 ; or multiply half 

 the circumference by the decimal half. 

 In either case the product will be the 

 area in square roots of the denomination 

 of the multiplicand. 



To Find the Solidity (or Solid Con- 

 tents) of a Sphere. Multiply the cube of 

 the diameter by the decimal .5236, and 

 the production will be the solidity. 



To Find the Side of an Equal Square 

 containing the Same Area as a Given 

 Circle. The square root of area will be 

 the side of the equal square. 



MEASURES OF AN ACRE PLOT. 



Either of the following measures in- 

 clude about an acre plot: 



