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APPENDIX. 



TO MEASURE CISTERNS AND CASKS. 



To Measure the Contents of Cis- 

 terns. To ascertain the contents of cir- 

 cular cisterns, multiply the square of the 

 diameter in feet by the depth in feet, 

 and that product by VA for the con- 

 tents in hogsheads, or by jV^ for barrels, 

 or V f r the contents in gallons. 



Square Cisterns. Multiply the width 

 in feet by the length in feet, and that by 

 the depth in feet, and that again by T y ff 

 for hogsheads, or } for barrels, or 7 T ^ 

 for gallons. 



Another and simpler method is to 

 multiply together the length, width, and 

 depth in inches, and divide by 231, which 

 will give the contents in gallons. 



TO MEASURE LAND. 



If the field be a square or parallelo- 

 gram, multiply the length in rods by the 

 width in rods, and divide by 160, the 

 number of square rods in an acre. If 

 the field is triangular, multiply the length 

 of the longest side in rods by the great- 

 est width in rods, and divide half the 

 product by 160. If the field be of irreg- 

 ular shape, divide it into triangles, and 

 find the acreage of each triangle as above. 

 All straight-sided fields can be thus meas- 

 ured. Where the sides are crooked and 

 irregular, take the length in rods in a 

 number of places at equal distances 

 apart, add them, and divide by the num- 

 ber of measurements, which will give 

 the mean length ; proceed similarly with 

 the width, multiply the mean length by 

 the mean width, and divide by 160. 

 Where the field is in a circle, find the 

 diameter in rods, multiply the square 

 of the diameter by 7.854, and divide 

 by 160. 



To Lay Out an Acre in Rectangular 

 Form. An acre of land contains 160 

 square rods, or 43,560 square feet. Hence, 

 to lay out an acre at right angles (square 

 corners), when one side is known, divide 

 the units in the square content by the 

 units of the same kind in the length of 

 the known side. Thus: if the known 



side be 4 rods, divide 160 by 4, and the 

 quotient 40 will be the depth of the acre 

 plot. If the length of the known side be 

 90 feet, divide 43,560 by 90, and the quo- 

 tient 480 will be the depth of an acre 

 plot. 



MEASUREMENT OF HAY. 



The only exact method of measuring 

 hay is to weigh it; but the rules given 

 below will be found sufficient for ordi- 

 nary practical purposes. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay 

 in a Mow. Multiply together the length, 

 height, and width in yards, and divide 

 by 15 if the hay be well packed. If the 

 mow be shallow, and the hay recently 

 placed therein, divide by 18, and by any 

 number from 15 to 18, according as the 

 hay is well packed. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay 

 in Square or Long Stacks. Multiply the 

 length of the base in yards by the width 

 in yards, and that by half the height in 

 yards, and divide by 15. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay 

 in a Load. Multiply together the length, 

 width, and height, in yards, and divide 

 the product by 20. 



To ascertain the value of a given num- 

 ber of pounds of hay, straw, or other 

 commodity sold by the ton, at a given 

 price per ton, multiply the number of 

 pounds by one-half the price per ton, 

 and point off three figures from the right. 

 The result will be the price of the article. 



TO MEASURE CORN. 



To measure corn in a crib, multiply 

 the length of the crib in inches by the 

 width in inches, and that by the height 

 of the corn in the crib in inches, and di- 

 vide the product by 2,748, and the quo- 

 tient will be the number of heaped bush- 

 els of ears. If the crib flares at the sides, 

 measure the width at the top and also at 

 the bottom, add the two sums together, 

 and divide by two, which will give the 

 mean width. 



