912 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



FRAXINUS CAROLINIANA, Swamp Ash 



Fraxinus caroliniana, Miller, Diet. No. 6 (1768); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. ii. 1237 (1838); 



Sargent, Silva JV. Amer. vi. 55, tt 274, 275 (1894), and Trees N. Atner. 762 (1905). 

 Fraxinus platycarpa, Michaux, Fl. Bor. Amer. ii. 256 (1803). 

 Fraxinus triptera, Nuttall, Gen. ii. 232 (18 18). 

 Fraxinus cubensis, Grisebach, Cat. PL Cub. 170 (1866). 



A tree attaining 40 feet in height, with a stem 3 feet in girth ; bark marked by 

 irregularly - shaped brown patches, separating on the surface into thin scales. 

 Branchlets glabrous or pubescent, with white minute scattered lenticels. Leaflets 

 (Plate 263, Fig. 12) seven, occasionally five, stalked (petiolule to f inch), about 3 

 inches long, oval ; unequal, rounded, or broadly cuneate at the base ; apex shortly 

 acuminate ; finely and irregularly serrate ; green and glabrous on the under surface 

 except for some white pubescence along the sides of the midrib and nerves, or in 

 some forms pubescent throughout. Leaf rachis, glabrous or pubescent, with two 

 slight wings on the upper side, forming a groove. 



Flowers (section Leptalix) dioecious in panicles arising in the axils of leaf-scars of 

 the preceding year's shoot ; calyx present, persisting under the fruit ; corolla absent. 

 Fruit broad, elliptic or spatulate ; body short and compressed, surrounded by a 

 pinnately-veined broad thin wing. 



This species grows in river swamps in the coast regions of the Atlantic and 

 Gulf States from southern Virginia to the valley of the Sabine river in Texas, 

 extending through western Louisiana northwards to south-western Arkansas. 

 It also occurs in Cuba. 



This species was introduced into England in 1783, according to Loudon, who, 

 however, mentions no trees of any size as growing in England in 1838. We have 

 seen no specimens, except small trees at Kew, which are thriving. (A. H.) 



FRAXINUS VELUTINA 



Fraxinus velutina, Torrey, Emory's Report 149 (1848); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. vi. 41, t. 267 



(1894), and Trees N. Amer. 774 (1905). 

 Fraxinus pistaciafolia, Torrey, Pacific P. Report, iv. 128 (1856). 



A tree, 40 feet high, with a girth of stem of 2 feet. Bark deeply divided into 

 broad flat broken scaly ridges. Shoots purple, covered with dense white pubescence ; 

 lenticels white. Leaflets (Plate 265, Fig. 20), small, about \\ inch long, three or 

 five, occasionally seven or nine, or rarely only one, and variable in shape, 

 margin, and insertion ; usually sessile, occasionally stalked, the terminal leaflet often 

 obovate, the lateral leaflets commonly lanceolate with cuneate base and acuminate 



