Taxonomy Nymphaea fennica. 171 



when the fruit is viewed from beneath. Sepals elliptic-ovate, a little contracted below 

 the apex, often very broad; length : breadth = 3:2 (18 to 19 mm.: 12 to 13 mm.) ; 

 calyx somewhat contracted just above its origin, so that the edges of the receptacle, 

 which are sharp-angled outwardly, appear to project. Petals 10 to 15, very concave, 

 and crowded, with apex directed upward so that the corolla is cup-shaped; lanceolate 

 or narrowly-lanceolate. Stamens about 50. Anthers very short and broad (3 mm. long 

 by 1 mm. wide) ; filaments petaloid, with broad, elliptic, deep yellow blade and strongly 

 contracted, whitish claw ; blade often with 1 to 3 longitudinal folds, with 1 or 2 trans- 

 verse folds between blade and claw. Stigma 5 to 9 rayed, with yellow, often violet- 

 tipped, styles. Stigmatic surface usually (not always) deep violet, with generally 3- 

 pointed rays. Fruit broad conical-ovate, broadest at base, but not so broad as the 

 receptacle which forms a square disc, whose edges (and especially the corners) ex- 

 tend noticeably beyond the circumference of the fruit; the calyx persists as a 4-sided 

 pyramid surrounding the fruit. 



Leaf small, 7 to 12 cm. long by 5 to 9 cm. wide, elliptic-cordate ; lobes acute or 

 obtuse, margins overlapping or approaching or more or less wide apart (3 cm.). 

 Primary veins of the lobes usually divergent, even when the lobes overlap, though 

 they are sometimes parallel or even converging. Petiole slightly flattened, with 2 large 

 air-canals. 



Rhizome erect, 5 to 10 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, conical at apex, cov- 

 ered with long black hairs. One of our specimens has two equal branches. 



Geographic Distribution. Middle and East Finland, mostly in small forest 

 ponds, sometimes in running water, from the shallows to a depth of 1 or 2 meters, 

 often accompanied by large and small forms of N. Candida. Found also in Southern 

 Finland. (Cf. specimens coll. Ldnnbohm, Aug., 1898, No. 3601, " locus classicus," in 

 several herbaria.) 



Notes. The receptacle and air-canals of petiole place this species in near relation 

 to N. tetragona; in several other respects it approaches N. Candida semiaperta. One is 

 inclined to suggest that N. tetragona of China shades off through the Siberian forms 

 into N. fennica, this then runs into N. Candida, and it again into N. alba of Germany 

 and England. A careful review of these forms, in the living state by cultivation and 

 hybridization, as also in histological details, is highly desirable. 



The seeds of N. fennica have not as yet been described. 



Numerous stations for this species throughout Finland are given in Mela's paper. 

 Red-flowered specimens occur "im See Keskimmainen im Kirchspiel Lapinlahti," and 

 in Pieni Musto and Jalajarvi. 



Through the kindness of Mr. Mela, we have a fine series of specimens of N. fen- 

 nica; of several rhizomes sent to us alive, only one survives, and it has never bloomed. 



C. EUCASTALIA Planchon 1853 b. 



Flowers white or rosy to deep carmine, opening in early morning, closing from 

 noon to mid-afternoon. Innermost stamens first to dehisce. Pollen aculeate or tuber- 

 culate. Seed of medium size. Leaves entire, nearly orbicular, of solid color above. 

 Principal air-canals in peduncle 4, in petiole 4; thickened bipolar idioblasts more or 

 less numerous in the tissues of leaf and flower stalks, this type of cell being absent 



