Betulaceae. 



21 



Carpinus. Hornbeam. 

 (Family Betulaceae). 



Rather round-topped and openly- 

 branched trees with sinewy-fluted 

 r trunks and smooth gray bark: 



l/Sl ''! deciduous. Twigs slender, zig-zag, 



l\r I a. F^s. terete: P^ small, roundish or 5- 

 VJJ i N^l\l | sided, continuous, pale. Buds sol- 

 n \ I i%AJ\ itary or very rarely superposed, 



SI \ \\Yjr\ ovoid, sessile, oblique, with a 

 VI VfMV^/^xiii dozen 4-ranked scarcely striated 



\ \ \\ \ vV^Vil scales, or developing into cone- 



like catkin-initials, the end-bud 

 lacking. Leaf-scars alternate, 2- 

 ranked, raised, crescent-shaped, 

 somewhat small: bundle-traces 3: 

 stipule-scars subequal, elongated. 



Winter-character references: 

 C. Betulus. Bosemann, 70; Fant, 

 16, f. 9; Schneider, f. 10, 162; 

 Ward, 1:118, f. 59, 178, f. 88-89; 

 Willkomm, 26, f. 29; Zuccarini, 3, 

 pi. 2. C. caroliniana. Blakeslee & 

 Brendel, pi. 2; Otis, 82. An early paper 

 on abscission, in which Carpinus figures, is by Ohlert in the 

 journal Linnaea for 1837. 

 1. Buds large (fully 10 mm. long), straw-colored. C. cordata. 



Jarvis, 332, 412, pi. 



Buds moderate (6-8 mm.): European. 



Buds small (scarcely 5 mm.). 2. 



Buds straw-colored. 



Buds brownish. 3. 



Buds glabrous. 



Buds somewhat silky. 4. 



Twigs villous. 



Twigs glabrescent. (Blue beech). 



C. Betulus. 



C. japonica. 



C. Turczaninowii. 



(1). 



C. duinensis. 

 C. caroliniana. 



